Ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality during the first two waves of the Coronavirus Pandemic: a nationwide cohort study of 29 million adults in England.
Ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality during the first two waves of the Coronavirus Pandemic: a nationwide cohort study of 29 million adults in England.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10654-021-00765-1
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Khunti K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nafilyan V;Islam N;Mathur R;Ayoubkhani D;Banerjee A;Glickman M;Humberstone B;Diamond I;Khunti K
在英国和许多其他国家，少数族裔的COVID-19死亡率不成比例。我们比较了英格兰第一波和第二波COVID-19大流行中不同种族群体之间COVID-19相关死亡风险的差异。我们还调查了解释种族群体之间COVID-19死亡差异的因素是否在两波之间发生了变化。使用国家统计局公共卫生数据资产办公室的数据，这是一个将2011年人口普查与初级保健、医院记录和死亡登记相结合的关联数据集，我们进行了一项观察性队列研究，以检查第一波中不同种族群体之间COVID-19死亡风险的差异（由2020年1月24日至2020年8月31日）及第二波的第一部分（由2020年9月1日至12月28日）。我们估计了按种族和性别分层的两波年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）。我们还估计了少数民族群体与英国白色人群的风险比（HR），并根据地理因素、社会人口特征和大流行前的健康状况进行了调整。研究人群包括生活在私人家庭中的2890多万年龄在30-100岁之间的人。在第一波调查中，与白色英国人口相比，所有少数族裔群体的COVID-19相关死亡风险都更高。在第二波中，来自巴基斯坦的人的COVID-19死亡风险仍然很高（ASMR：339.9 [95% CI：每100人中有166.8 [141.7-191.9]人死亡，男性和女性中有318.7 [247.4-390.1]人和127.1 [91.1-171.3]人具有孟加拉族背景，但黑人群体中没有。对地理因素的调整在很大程度上解释了第一波COVID-19死亡率的差异，但在第二波中没有。尽管在调整社会人口特征和健康状况后，COVID-19死亡率的高风险有所减弱，但在第一波和第二波中，来自孟加拉国和巴基斯坦背景的人群的风险显著较高。在第一波和第二波大流行之间，来自黑人种族背景的人与来自白色英国群体的人之间的COVID-19死亡率差异缩小，表明COVID-19死亡率的种族不平等是可以解决的。来自孟加拉国和巴基斯坦背景的人的死亡率持续较高，令人震惊，需要有重点的公共卫生运动和政策变化。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1007/s10654-021-00765-1获得。
Ethnic minorities have experienced disproportionate COVID-19 mortality rates in the UK and many other countries. We compared the differences in the risk of COVID-19 related death between ethnic groups in the first and second waves the of COVID-19 pandemic in England. We also investigated whether the factors explaining differences in COVID-19 death between ethnic groups changed between the two waves. Using data from the Office for National Statistics Public Health Data Asset, a linked dataset combining the 2011 Census with primary care and hospital records and death registrations, we conducted an observational cohort study to examine differences in the risk of death involving COVID-19 between ethnic groups in the first wave (from 24th January 2020 until 31st August 2020) and the first part of the second wave (from 1st September to 28th December 2020). We estimated age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) in the two waves stratified by ethnic groups and sex. We also estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for ethnic-minority groups compared with the White British population, adjusted for geographical factors, socio-demographic characteristics, and pre-pandemic health conditions. The study population included over 28.9 million individuals aged 30–100 years living in private households. In the first wave, all ethnic minority groups had a higher risk of COVID-19 related death compared to the White British population. In the second wave, the risk of COVID-19 death remained elevated for people from Pakistani (ASMR: 339.9 [95% CI: 303.7–376.2] and 166.8 [141.7–191.9] deaths per 100,000 population in men and women) and Bangladeshi (318.7 [247.4–390.1] and 127.1 [91.1–171.3] in men and women) background but not for people from Black ethnic groups. Adjustment for geographical factors explained a large proportion of the differences in COVID-19 mortality in the first wave but not in the second wave. Despite an attenuation of the elevated risk of COVID-19 mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health status, the risk was substantially higher in people from Bangladeshi and Pakistani background in both the first and the second waves. Between the first and second waves of the pandemic, the reduction in the difference in COVID-19 mortality between people from Black ethnic background and people from the White British group shows that ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality can be addressed. The continued higher rate of mortality in people from Bangladeshi and Pakistani background is alarming and requires focused public health campaign and policy changes. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10654-021-00765-1.
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影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Niedzwiedz, Claire L.;O'Donnell, Kate A.;Katikireddi, S. Vittal
通讯作者：
Katikireddi, S. Vittal
结构性种族主义，社会危险因素和共同-19-对黑人美国人的危险融合。
DOI：
10.1056/nejmp2023616
发表时间：
2020-09-17
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Egede LE;Walker RJ
通讯作者：
Walker RJ
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciaa1558
发表时间：
2021-07-30
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fung HF;Martinez L;Alarid-Escudero F;Salomon JA;Studdert DM;Andrews JR;Goldhaber-Fiebert JD;Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group
通讯作者：
Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Ayoubkhani, Daniel;Nafilyan, Vahe;Diamond, Ian
通讯作者：
Diamond, Ian
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.m3731
发表时间：
2020-10-20
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Clift AK;Coupland CAC;Keogh RH;Diaz-Ordaz K;Williamson E;Harrison EM;Hayward A;Hemingway H;Horby P;Mehta N;Benger J;Khunti K;Spiegelhalter D;Sheikh A;Valabhji J;Lyons RA;Robson J;Semple MG;Kee F;Johnson P;Jebb S;Williams T;Hippisley-Cox J
通讯作者：
Hippisley-Cox J