Reversal learning as a measure of impulsive and compulsive behavior in addictions.
Reversal learning as a measure of impulsive and compulsive behavior in addictions.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2579-7
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jentsch, J. David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Izquierdo, Alicia;Jentsch, J. David
关键词：
我们能够测量跨物种复杂决策的认知成分，这极大地促进了我们对其神经生物学机制的理解。有一项任务，特别是逆转学习，在评估对执行控制至关重要的抑制过程方面被证明是有价值的。反转学习衡量的是主动抑制与奖励相关的反应和脱离正在进行的行为的能力，这些现象在生物学和描述性上与冲动和强迫性有关。因此，反向学习可以指示以冲动为特征的障碍的脆弱性，例如最初滥用药物的倾向，以及依赖的强迫方面。虽然我们描述了常见的变种和类似的任务，但我们特别关注辨别逆转学习，它支持的神经回路，神经药理学和遗传决定因素。我们还回顾了这项任务在测量成瘾中的冲动和强迫性方面的效用。我们将我们的综述限制在工具性的、与奖赏相关的逆转学习研究上，因为它们与成瘾关系最密切。本文综述的研究表明，辨别反转学习可以作为一种诊断工具，用于研究病理性奖赏行为的冲动和强迫方面的神经机制。成瘾患者的神经适应通常转化为不良的反向学习，有两种相互关联的机制：额叶皮质纹状体回路失调和多巴胺(D2受体)对该回路的调节不良。这些数据表明了针对成瘾抑制控制机制的新方法。
Our ability to measure the cognitive components of complex decision-making across species has greatly facilitated our understanding of its neurobiological mechanisms. One task in particular, reversal learning, has proven valuable in assessing the inhibitory processes that are central to executive control. Reversal learning measures the ability to actively suppress reward-related responding and to disengage from ongoing behavior, phenomena that are biologically and descriptively related to impulsivity and compulsivity. Consequently, reversal learning could index vulnerability for disorders characterized by impulsivity, such as proclivity for initial substance abuse, as well as the compulsive aspects of dependence. Though we describe common variants and similar tasks, we pay particular attention to discrimination reversal learning, its supporting neural circuitry, neuropharmacology and genetic determinants. We also review the utility of this task in measuring impulsivity and compulsivity in addictions. We restrict our review to instrumental, reward-related reversal learning studies, as they are most germane to addiction. The research reviewed here suggests that discrimination reversal learning may be used as a diagnostic tool for investigating the neural mechanisms that mediate impulsive and compulsive aspects of pathological reward-seeking and –taking behaviors. Two interrelated mechanisms are posited for the neuroadaptations in addiction that often translate to poor reversal learning: frontocorticostriatal circuitry dysregulation and poor dopamine (D2 receptor) modulation of this circuitry. These data suggest new approaches to targeting inhibitory control mechanisms in addictions.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Boulougouris, Vasileios;Castane, Anna;Robbins, Trevor W.
通讯作者：
Robbins, Trevor W.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Arnsten, AFT;Lin, CH;Stanhope, KJ
通讯作者：
Stanhope, KJ
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2820-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-10-29
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bissonette GB;Martins GJ;Franz TM;Harper ES;Schoenbaum G;Powell EM
通讯作者：
Powell EM
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1521-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-10-22
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Clarke HF;Robbins TW;Roberts AC
通讯作者：
Roberts AC
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Chudasama, Y;Bussey, TJ;Muir, JL
通讯作者：
Muir, JL