Recent updates on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
Recent updates on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
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DOI：
10.20517/evcna.2021.03
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sundar IK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Srinivasan A;Sundar IK
哮喘是一种慢性呼吸道炎症性疾病，具有不同的内型和表型，其特征是对变应原、细菌/病毒感染或污染物造成的呼吸道阻塞。呼吸道上皮细胞、间充质干细胞以及包括树突状细胞、T、B细胞和肥大细胞在内的多种免疫细胞在哮喘的病理生理过程中起着重要作用。胞外囊泡(EV)是由每种细胞类型产生的膜性纳米囊泡，有助于细胞间的通讯。EVS含有主要取决于来源的成分或细胞类型的异质货物，它们可以改变目标细胞的生理状态。EV包括多种蛋白质，包括Tetraspanins、MHC I和II类、共刺激分子、RNA、miRNA、piRNA、CircRNA等核酸，以及神经酰胺和鞘磷脂等脂类。最近的文献表明，EVS在过敏性哮喘的病理生理过程中起着关键作用，并可能作为一种新的生物标志物用于确定重症哮喘患者的内型和表型。根据以前的报道，我们推测EVS的生物发生和释放可能受昼夜节律的控制。因此，昼夜节律可能会影响EVS的组成，从而改变导致对各种环境侮辱或过敏原(如空气污染物、臭氧、柴油废气颗粒物、花粉、户外霉菌、环境烟草烟雾等)诱导免疫炎症反应的微环境。在这篇简短的综述中，我们综述了EVS在哮喘发病机制中的最新研究进展，并强调了EVS与昼夜节律之间的联系，这可能对于确定在哮喘等慢性炎症性肺部疾病发病机制中靶点的分子机制可能是重要的。
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway diagnosed with different endotypes and phenotypes, characterized by airway obstruction in response to allergens, bacterial/viral infections, or pollutants. Several cell types such as the airway epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells and different immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), T and B cells and mast cells play an essential role during the pathobiology of asthma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanovesicles produced by every cell type that facilitates intercellular communications. EVs contain heterogeneous cargos that primarily depend on the composition or cell type of origin and they can alter the physiological state of the target cells. EVs encompass a wide variety of proteins including Tetraspanins, MHC classes I and II, co-stimulatory molecules, nucleic acids such as RNA, miRNA, piRNA, circRNA, and lipids like ceramides and sphingolipids. Recent literature indicates that EVs play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and may potentially be used as a novel biomarker to determine endotypes and phenotypes in severe asthmatics. Based on the prior reports, we speculate that regulation of EVs biogenesis and release might be under the control of circadian rhythms. Thus, circadian rhythms may influence the composition of the EVs, which alter the microenvironment that results in the induction of an immune-inflammatory response to various environmental insults or allergens such as air pollutants, ozone, diesel exhaust particles, pollens, outdoor molds, environmental tobacco smoke, etc. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent updates on the novel role of EVs in the pathogenesis of asthma, and highlight the link between circadian rhythms and EVs that may be important to identify molecular mechanisms to target during the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung disease such as asthma.
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