Universal or targeted approaches? an experiment about heat risk messaging

Universal or targeted approaches? an experiment about heat risk messaging
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通用方法还是有针对性的方法?

DOI:
10.1007/s11069-023-05864-8
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Howe, Peter D.
Howe, Peter D.
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li, Yajie;Howe, Peter D.

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在美国,极端高温造成的死亡人数超过龙卷风和洪水的总和。虽然弱势群体面临热健康影响的风险更高,但如果不采取适当行动,任何人都可能面临极端高温的风险。因此,热风险沟通工作,特别是大规模的热风险沟通工作,不仅应该让脆弱的亚群参与,而且应该让整个人口参与,目的是鼓励每个人在极端高温事件期间采取适当的保护行动。作为实现这一目标的一步,本研究探讨了如何有效地描述人们对热风险信息的敏感性。使用调查实验(N= 1386),这项研究比较了四种陈述的有效性,这些陈述描述了哪些类型的人容易受到热健康影响。相对于列出特定脆弱亚群的传统信息,“任何人都可能处于风险之中”的声明和没有易感性信息的声明分别更有效地使信息与个人相关。与单独提及后一种陈述相比,同时提及“任何人都可能处于风险中”的陈述和“某些亚组处于更高风险中”的陈述会降低对危险发生的信念。在更广泛的领域的风险沟通的影响进行了讨论。
Extreme heat causes more deaths than tornadoes and floods combined in the United States. While vulnerable populations are at higher risk of heat-health impacts, anyone can be at risk from extreme heat without appropriate actions. Therefore, heat risk communication efforts, especially those on a wide scale, should engage not only the vulnerable subgroups but also the entire population with the goal of encouraging everyone to take appropriate protective actions during extreme heat events. As one step to achieve this goal, this study examined how to effectively depict people’s susceptibility in heat risk messages. Using a survey experiment (N= 1386), this study compared the effectiveness of four statements that varied how they depicted which types of people were susceptible to heat-health impacts. Relative to traditional messaging that lists specific vulnerable subgroups, a statement that “anyone can be at risk” and a statement without susceptibility information were respectively more effective in making messages personally relevant. Mentioning the “anyone can be at risk” statement and the “certain subgroups are at more risk” statement together reduced belief in the hazard happening compared to mentioning the latter statement individually. Implications for risk communication in broader domains are discussed.
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