Comparison of Direct Transfers for Human Capital Development and Environmental Conservation
Comparison of Direct Transfers for Human Capital Development and Environmental Conservation
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人力资本开发和环境保护直接转移的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.030
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Zanotti, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Zhao;Bauchet, Jonathan;Steele, Diana;Godoy, Ricardo;Radel, Claudia;Zanotti, Laura
在过去的 30 年里，向受益人的直接转移已成为满足社会有效、高效和公平的保护和发展需求的日益重要的工具，并被广泛用于在人力资本开发 (HCD) 计划和生态系统服务支付 (PES) 计划中产生社会理想的成果。然而，这两种类型的程序已在不同的文献中进行了研究，但彼此之间没有太多参考。通过系统地审查同行评审的期刊文章、论文和精选工作论文，我们提出了 HCD 现金转移和 PES 计划之间被忽视的重要相似点和差异，特别是在直接转移如何概念化和可操作以及如何产生预期和非预期的计划结果方面。不应将 HCD 现金转移和 PES 视为两种不同的工具，而是将直接转移概念化为产生社会理想成果的伞式机制的通用框架，有助于有效吸引目标人群，全面满足受益人的需求，全面评估计划影响，并创造机会建立协同效应并最大限度地减少计划之间的冗余和竞争。最后，我们提供了有关未来研究、项目开发和政策创新的五点见解。具体而言，PES 计划可以向 HCD 现金转移计划学习，以 (1) 纳入经济和性别不平等的考虑，以更好地维持长期环境成果； (2) 加强PES学者、项目实施者和政策制定者之间的合作，以改进PES设计和实施，并最大限度地减少不利的意外影响； (3) 使用随机对照试验来衡量 PES 的因果影响； (4) 重新考虑条件在促进环境、经济和社会效益同时产生方面的作用。 HCD 现金转移计划可以向 PES 计划学习 (5) 探索基于社区的协作计划设计和实施，不仅促进社会理想行为的采用，而且促进长期人力资本收益。
Over the past 30 years, direct transfers to beneficiaries have become an increasingly important tool for addressing society’s need for effective, efficient, and equitable conservation and development, and have been widely used to generate socially desirable outcomes in human capital development (HCD) programs and Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs. Yet, the two types of programs have been examined in distinct bodies of literature without much reference to each other. By systematically reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles, dissertations, and select working papers, we suggest important similarities and differences between HCD cash transfer and PES programs that have been overlooked, particularly in how direct transfers are conceptualized and operationalized and how intended and unintended program outcomes are produced. Rather than considering HCD cash transfers and PES as two distinct tools, a common framework that conceptualizes direct transfers as an umbrella mechanism to produce socially desirable outcomes can contribute to effectively engaging target populations, addressing the needs of beneficiaries in a holistic way, comprehensively evaluating program impacts, and enabling opportunities to build synergies and minimize redundancies and competition across programs. We conclude by offering five insights into future research, program development, and policy innovations. Specifically, PES programs can learn from HCD cash transfer programs to (1) incorporate considerations of economic and gender inequalities to better sustain long-term environmental outcomes; (2) enhance collaboration among PES scholars, program practitioners, and policy makers to improve PES design and implementation and minimize adverse unintended impacts; (3) use randomized control trials to measure the causal impacts of PES; and (4) reconsider the role of conditionality to promote simultaneous production of environmental, economic, and social benefits. HCD cash transfer programs can learn from PES programs to (5) explore collaborative, community-based program design and implementation to facilitate not only adoption of socially desirable behaviors but also long-term human capital gains.
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DOI：
10.1093/qje/qjw025
发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
The quarterly journal of economics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Haushofer J;Shapiro J
通讯作者：
Shapiro J
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Michaela Gulemetova
通讯作者：
Michaela Gulemetova
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Fernald, Lia C. H.;Hidrobo, Melissa
通讯作者：
Hidrobo, Melissa
绿色资本主义与将自然建设为服务提供者的文化贫困
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Sullivan
通讯作者：
S. Sullivan
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Ferraro
通讯作者：
P. Ferraro