Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): investigating language comprehension in typically developing toddlers and young children with autism.
Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): investigating language comprehension in typically developing toddlers and young children with autism.
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DOI：
10.3791/4331
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发表时间：
2012-12-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tovar AT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naigles LR;Tovar AT
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的一个定义特征是语言和沟通困难。1患有ASD的儿童说话的开始通常是延迟的，许多患有ASD的儿童始终比他们的正常发育（TD）同龄人产生语言的频率更低，词汇和语法复杂性更低。6，8，12，23然而，患有ASD的儿童也表现出明显的社会缺陷，研究人员和临床医生继续争论社会交往中的缺陷在多大程度上解释或促成了语言产生的缺陷。5，14，19，25 ASD儿童语言的标准化评估通常包括理解部分;然而，许多此类理解任务仅评估语言的一个方面（例如，词汇）或包括重要的运动成分（例如，指出来，表演出来），和/或要求孩子们故意在一些替代品之间做出选择。这最后两个行为也是众所周知的挑战，自闭症儿童。7，12，13，16我们提出了一种方法，可以评估语言理解的年轻典型发育的儿童（9-36个月）和自闭症儿童。2，4，9，11，22这种方法，便携式多式联运优先寻找（P-IPL），项目并排视频图像从笔记本电脑到便携式屏幕上。视频图像首先与“基线”（非定向）音频配对，然后再次与仅匹配一个视频图像的“测试”语言音频配对。孩子们在观看视频时的眼球运动被拍摄下来，然后被编码。理解语言音频的儿童将更快地观看与语言音频相匹配的视频，并且观看时间更长。2，4，11，18，22，26这种模式包括一些最近已经小型化的组件（投影仪，摄像机，数字化仪），以实现便携性和在儿童家中的轻松设置。这是评估患有ASD的幼儿的关键点，他们经常在新的环境中感到不舒服（例如，实验室）设置。可以创建视频来评估语言知识的各种特定组成部分，例如主语-动词-宾语语序，wh-问题和动词的时态/体后缀;视频还可以评估单词学习的原理，例如名词偏差、形状偏差和句法引导。10，14，17，21，24视频包括视觉和听觉上突出的人物和语音，并且ASD儿童能够很好地耐受。
One of the defining characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficulty with language and communication.1 Children with ASD's onset of speaking is usually delayed, and many children with ASD consistently produce language less frequently and of lower lexical and grammatical complexity than their typically developing (TD) peers.6,8,12,23 However, children with ASD also exhibit a significant social deficit, and researchers and clinicians continue to debate the extent to which the deficits in social interaction account for or contribute to the deficits in language production.5,14,19,25 Standardized assessments of language in children with ASD usually do include a comprehension component; however, many such comprehension tasks assess just one aspect of language (e.g., vocabulary),5 or include a significant motor component (e.g., pointing, act-out), and/or require children to deliberately choose between a number of alternatives. These last two behaviors are known to also be challenging to children with ASD.7,12,13,16 We present a method which can assess the language comprehension of young typically developing children (9-36 months) and children with autism.2,4,9,11,22 This method, Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (P-IPL), projects side-by-side video images from a laptop onto a portable screen. The video images are paired first with a 'baseline' (nondirecting) audio, and then presented again paired with a 'test' linguistic audio that matches only one of the video images. Children's eye movements while watching the video are filmed and later coded. Children who understand the linguistic audio will look more quickly to, and longer at, the video that matches the linguistic audio.2,4,11,18,22,26 This paradigm includes a number of components that have recently been miniaturized (projector, camcorder, digitizer) to enable portability and easy setup in children's homes. This is a crucial point for assessing young children with ASD, who are frequently uncomfortable in new (e.g., laboratory) settings. Videos can be created to assess a wide range of specific components of linguistic knowledge, such as Subject-Verb-Object word order, wh-questions, and tense/aspect suffixes on verbs; videos can also assess principles of word learning such as a noun bias, a shape bias, and syntactic bootstrapping.10,14,17,21,24 Videos include characters and speech that are visually and acoustically salient and well tolerated by children with ASD.
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Tek, Saime;Jaffery, Gul;Fein, Deborah;Naigles, Letitia R.
通讯作者：
Naigles, Letitia R.
DOI：
10.1111/1540-5834.00002
发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
9.5
作者：
Sigman, M;Ruskin, E
通讯作者：
Ruskin, E
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Swensen, Lauren D.;Kelley, Elizabeth;Naigles, Letitia R.
通讯作者：
Naigles, Letitia R.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Luyster, Rhiannon;Lopez, Kristina;Lord, Catherine
通讯作者：
Lord, Catherine
DOI：
10.1080/01690960042000058
发表时间：
2001-04-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kjelgaard, MM;Tager-Flusberg, H
通讯作者：
Tager-Flusberg, H