Cell groups reveal structure of stimulus space.
Cell groups reveal structure of stimulus space.
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细胞群揭示刺激空间的结构。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000205
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Itskov V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curto C;Itskov V
大脑的一项重要任务是代表外部世界。然而，目前还不清楚大脑是如何做到这一点的，因为它只能依赖于神经反应，而不能独立地获得外部刺激来“解码”这些反应的含义。我们调查什么可以了解一个空间的刺激只使用的动作电位（尖峰）的细胞与刻板但未知的感受野。使用海马位置细胞作为模型系统，我们表明，一个可以（1）提取全球的环境特征和（2）构建一个准确的空间表示，到一个整体的比例因子，可用于跟踪动物的位置。与以前从位置细胞活动重建位置的方法不同，这些信息是在不知道位置场或任何其他与位置相关的神经反应功能的情况下得出的。我们发现，只要知道哪些细胞群一起放电，就能揭示潜在刺激空间中惊人的结构;这可能使大脑能够构建自己的内部表征。我们对世界的理解仅仅是从大脑中产生的神经元活动中构建的。我们该怎么做？许多研究已经调查了神经活动如何与外部刺激相关，这些关系的地图（通常称为感受野）通常是从神经科学实验中收集的数据中计算出来的。然而，如果没有这些地图提供的字典，大脑如何理解这种活动的意义仍然是一个谜。我们在海马定位细胞的背景下解决这个基本问题，即，啮齿动物海马中的神经元，其活动与动物在空间中的位置密切相关。我们发现，刺激空间的结构，可以揭示利用组的共激发神经元之间的关系，在不同的刺激。我们提供了一个'证明的原则'建设性地展示了空间的拓扑结构和动物在环境中的位置可以纯粹来自海马位置细胞的动作电位。以这种方式，大脑可以能够建立刺激空间的结构化表示，然后用于表示外部刺激。
An important task of the brain is to represent the outside world. It is unclear how the brain may do this, however, as it can only rely on neural responses and has no independent access to external stimuli in order to “decode” what those responses mean. We investigate what can be learned about a space of stimuli using only the action potentials (spikes) of cells with stereotyped—but unknown—receptive fields. Using hippocampal place cells as a model system, we show that one can (1) extract global features of the environment and (2) construct an accurate representation of space, up to an overall scale factor, that can be used to track the animal's position. Unlike previous approaches to reconstructing position from place cell activity, this information is derived without knowing place fields or any other functions relating neural responses to position. We find that simply knowing which groups of cells fire together reveals a surprising amount of structure in the underlying stimulus space; this may enable the brain to construct its own internal representations. We construct our understanding of the world solely from neuronal activity generated in our brains. How do we do this? Many studies have investigated how neural activity is related to outside stimuli, and maps of these relationships (often called receptive fields) are routinely computed from data collected in neuroscience experiments. Yet how the brain can understand the meaning of this activity, without the dictionary provided by these maps, remains a mystery. We tackle this fundamental question in the context of hippocampal place cells—i.e., neurons in rodent hippocampus whose activity is strongly correlated to the animal's position in space. We find that the structure of stimulus space can be revealed by exploiting relationships between groups of cofiring neurons in response to different stimuli. We provide a ‘proof of principle’ by demonstrating constructively how the topology of space and the animal's position in an environment can be derived purely from the action potentials fired by hippocampal place cells. In this way, the brain may be able to build up structured representations of stimulus spaces that are then used to represent external stimuli.
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