Impaired disassembly of the axon initial segment restricts mitochondrial entry into damaged axons.

Impaired disassembly of the axon initial segment restricts mitochondrial entry into damaged axons.
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DOI:
10.15252/embj.2021110486
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发表时间:
2022-10-17
期刊:
The EMBO journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kiyama H
Kiyama H
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kiryu-Seo S;Matsushita R;Tashiro Y;Yoshimura T;Iguchi Y;Katsuno M;Takahashi R;Kiyama H

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The proteasome is essential for cellular responses to various physiological stressors. However, how proteasome function impacts the stress resilience of regenerative damaged motor neurons remains unclear. Here, we develop a unique mouse model using a regulatory element of the activating transcription factor (Atf3) gene to label mitochondria in a damage‐induced manner while simultaneously genetically disrupting the proteasome. Using this model, we observed that in injury‐induced proteasome‐deficient mouse motor neurons, the increase of mitochondrial influx from soma into axons is inhibited because neurons fail to disassemble ankyrin G, an organizer of the axon initial segment (AIS), in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Further, these motor neurons exhibit amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)‐like degeneration despite having regenerative potential. Selectively vulnerable motor neurons in SOD1G93A ALS mice, which induce ATF3 in response to pathological damage, also fail to disrupt the AIS, limiting the number of axonal mitochondria at a pre‐symptomatic stage. Thus, damage‐induced proteasome‐sensitive AIS disassembly could be a critical post‐translational response for damaged motor neurons to temporarily transit to an immature state and meet energy demands for axon regeneration or preservation. Proteasomes impact stress resilience by temporarily dismantling the barrier against mitochondrial axonal entry upon injury to meet energy demands for axon regeneration.
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