A delay-discounting primer.
A delay-discounting primer.
复制标题
延迟折扣底漆。
DOI：
10.1037/12069-001
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Patrick S. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Madden;Patrick S. Johnson
鉴于研究结果的重要性和进一步研究有助于预测和控制冲动的潜力，本章(和本书)的主要焦点是选择和未来事件影响当前决策的失败。在这一入门章节中，我们考虑了两种类型的冲动选择：(A)喜欢较早较小的回报，而放弃较大较晚的回报；(B)相对于较小较早的结果，更喜欢较大较晚的厌恶结果。第一个例子是一个偷玩具的孩子，我们在这一章的开头就是他。拿走玩具会立即得到奖励，但这是一种短暂的奖励，因为看门人很快就会把玩具还给受害的同伴。毫无疑问，孩子更喜欢玩玩具更长的时间，但与现在短暂接触相比，等待同伴丢弃玩具似乎是一种微弱的增强剂。用经济学的术语来描述这一现象，孩子似乎对延迟的、但在其他方面更受欢迎的奖励的价值打了折扣。延迟贴现描述了对行为结果进行贬值的过程，无论这些结果是奖赏的还是厌恶的，都发生在未来(也许还有过去；见本书第7章)。这一章提供了延迟折扣的入门读物；它是为那些对检验这种形式的冲动选择的程序、测量和研究结果只有有限背景的读者而设计的。在概述了延迟折扣过程、其量化及其对人类状况的影响之后，重点介绍了程序(以及对这些程序的批评)。这本书的其余部分是关于实验结果的，我们在这里大部分时间都不评论这些发现。(保留所有权利)
Given the importance of research findings and the potential of further research to aid in the prediction and control of impulsivity, the primary focus of this chapter (and this book) is on choice and the failure of future events to affect current decisions. In this primer chapter, we consider two types of impulsive choice:(a) preferring a smaller-sooner reward while forgoing a larger-later one and (b) preferring a larger-later aversive outcome over a smaller-sooner one. The first of these is exemplified by the toy-pilfering child with whom we opened this chapter. Taking the toy is immediately rewarded, but it is a short-lived reward because the caretaker soon returns the toy to the victimized peer. Undoubtedly, the child would prefer to play with the toy for a longer period of time, but waiting until the toy is dropped by the peer seems a weak reinforcer when compared with brief access now. To put an economic term on this phenomenon, the child appears to have discounted the value of the delayed but otherwise preferred reward. Delay discounting describes the process of devaluing behavioral outcomes, be they rewarding or aversive events, that happen in the future (and perhaps the past; see chap. 7, this volume). This chapter provides a primer in delay discounting; it is intended for readers who have only a limited background in the procedures, measures, and outcomes of studies examining this form of impulsive choice. Following an overview of the delay-discounting process, its quantification, and its implications for the human condition, emphasis is placed on procedures (and critiques of these procedures). The remainder of the book is concerned with experimental findings, and for the most part, we do not review these here.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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影响因子：
2.7
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