Seasonal changes in predator community switch the direction of selection for prey defences.
Seasonal changes in predator community switch the direction of selection for prey defences.
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捕食者社区的季节性变化切换了猎物防御的选择方向。
DOI：
10.1038/ncomms6016
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发表时间：
2014-09-23
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Lindstrom, Leena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mappes, Johanna;Kokko, Hanna;Ojala, Katja;Lindstrom, Leena
昆虫群落由警戒性物种组成，具有有效的警告颜色，以防止捕食，以及丰富的例子，隐藏。为了了解这种共存，我们在这里报告的结果，从一个现场实验中，人工幼虫的相对生存，不同的显着性，估计在自然鸟类群落在整个赛季。这利用了天真掠食者比例的自然变化：当幼鸟刚刚羽翼丰满时，天真度达到顶峰。我们发现，警告信号和密码的相对效益相应地变化。当天真的鸟类是罕见的（早期和后期的季节），明显的警告信号提高生存，但显眼成为一个不利的鸟类羽翼丰满的时间。这种时间结构的捕食者-猎物的关系，有利于共存的不同antipredatory策略，并有助于解释两种模式，我们发现在688种的社会Lepidoterans：幼虫的警告信号仍然罕见，经常发生在不成比例的季节，当捕食者的教育。 替代性反掠夺策略的共存性知之甚少。在这里，作者表明，当雀形目鸟类（它们的主要捕食者）羽翼丰满时，警告颜色失去了效力，这表明捕食者的学习影响了对明显警告信号的选择。
Insect communities consist of aposematic species with efficient warning colours against predation, as well as abundant examples of crypsis. To understand such coexistence, we here report results from a field experiment where relative survival of artificial larvae, varying in conspicuousness, was estimated in natural bird communities over an entire season. This takes advantage of natural variation in the proportion of naive predators: naivety peaks when young birds have just fledged. We show that the relative benefit of warning signals and crypsis changes accordingly. When naive birds are rare (early and late in the season), conspicuous warning signals improve survival, but conspicuousness becomes a disadvantage near the fledging time of birds. Such temporal structuring of predator–prey relationships facilitates the coexistence of diverse antipredatory strategies and helps explain two patterns we found in a 688-species community of Lepidoterans: larval warning signals remain rare and occur disproportionately often in seasons when predators are educated. The coexistence of alternative antipredatory strategies is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that warning colours lose their effectiveness when passerine birds, their main predators, fledge their young, which suggests that predators’ learning impacts selection for conspicuous warning signals.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Lindstedt, C.;Lindstrom, L.;Mappes, J.
通讯作者：
Mappes, J.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Lindstedt, Carita;Lindstrom, Leena;Mappes, Johanna
通讯作者：
Mappes, Johanna
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Forsman, A;Merilaita, S
通讯作者：
Merilaita, S
影响因子：
--
作者：
Church, SC;Bennett, ATD;Partridge, JC
通讯作者：
Partridge, JC
影响因子：
2
作者：
Carroll, J.;Sherratt, T. N.
通讯作者：
Sherratt, T. N.