Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.
Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Vijay K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vijay K
免疫系统是宿主的一个非常多样化的系统，它在进化过程中进化，以应对环境环境中存在的各种病原体，环境中居住着从无脊椎动物到脊索动物(包括人类)的多细胞生物。例如，免疫系统的细胞表达各种模式识别受体(PRRs)，这些受体通过识别特定的病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)来发现危险，并启动特定的免疫反应。Toll样受体(Toll-like Receptor，TLRs)是多种免疫细胞表达的一类PRR。然而，它们首先在果蝇(常见果蝇)中被发现，它们是在胚胎发育和背腹体模式/极性中重要的基因/蛋白质。自1997年底在人类中首次发现TLR4以来，迄今已在哺乳动物中发现并描述了13种不同类型的TLR(TLR1-TLR13)。TLR4在人类中的发现彻底改变了天然免疫学领域，从而改变了免疫学和宿主与病原体的相互作用。从那时起，TLRs被发现在各种免疫细胞上表达，并被靶向于治疗包括癌症在内的各种感染性和炎症性疾病的药物开发。甚至，在不同的人群中已经发现了不同TLR基因之间的单核苷酸多态(SNPs)，并发现它们与某些感染和其他炎症性疾病的易感性/抵抗力有关。因此，本文综述了TLRs在免疫中的当前和未来的重要性，它们在各种免疫细胞中的表达模式，以及基于TLR的治疗方法。TLRs首先被描述为PRRs，它彻底改变了宿主-病原体相互作用和免疫反应的生物学。在人类中发现不同的TLRs被证明是先天免疫和炎症领域的里程碑人类免疫细胞表达的所有TLRs的表达模式各种TLR SNPs与不同的炎症性疾病的关联现有的基于TLRs的药物或疫苗及其在药物靶向以及在生殖和再生中的作用的未来
The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed. TLRs are first described PRRs that revolutionized the biology of host-pathogen interaction and immune response The discovery of different TLRs in humans proved milestone in the field of innate immunity and inflammation The pattern of expression of all the TLRs expressed by human immune cells An association of various TLR SNPs with different inflammatory diseases Currently available drugs or vaccines based on TLRs and their future in drug targeting along with the role in reproduction, and regeneration
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影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Agrawal, Sudhanshu;Gupta, Sudhir
通讯作者：
Gupta, Sudhir
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Almand, B;Clark, JI;Gabrilovich, DI
通讯作者：
Gabrilovich, DI
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Azumi, K;De Santis, R;Nonaka, M
通讯作者：
Nonaka, M
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Andonegui, G;Kerfoot, SM;Kubes, P
通讯作者：
Kubes, P
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Alcaide ML;Strbo N;Romero L;Jones DL;Rodriguez VJ;Arheart K;Martinez O;Bolivar H;Podack ER;Fischl MA
通讯作者：
Fischl MA