Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Showing Higher Viral Load and Increased Transmissibility of the Alpha Variant Compared to Previous Strains.
Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Showing Higher Viral Load and Increased Transmissibility of the Alpha Variant Compared to Previous Strains.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms9112371
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发表时间：
2021-11-17
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Næss LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Julin CH;Robertson AH;Hungnes O;Tunheim G;Bekkevold T;Laake I;Aune IF;Killengreen MF;Strand TR;Rykkvin R;Dorenberg DH;Stene-Johansen K;Berg ES;Bodin JE;Oftung F;Steens A;Næss LM
在一项前瞻性的纵向研究中，我们研究了家庭传播的二次发病率(SAR)、危险因素和预防措施。我们进一步比较了阿尔法(B.1.1.7)变异病毒和非变异病毒(非VOC)之间的传播。从2020年5月到2021年4月，我们招募了70例新冠肺炎确诊病例，146名家庭接触者。参与者在6周内捐赠了8次生物样本，并回答了调查问卷。实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测SARS-CoV-2感染情况。用全基因组测序和Drop数字聚合酶链式反应建立病毒变异株和病毒载量。SARS-CoV-2在60%的家庭中传播，家庭接触者的总体SAR为50%。Alpha变异体的SAR(78%)显著高于非VOC病毒(43%)，并且与更高的病毒载量有关。≥40岁的家庭接触者(69%)高于年轻接触者(40-47%)，以及原发病例中失去味觉/嗅觉的接触者。儿童的病毒载量较低，而且比成年人更容易没有症状。与原发病例分开睡觉降低了传播风险。总而言之，我们发现了大量的家庭传播，特别是阿尔法变种。预防措施似乎减少了SARS，但由于传染性更强的变种，预防家庭传播可能会变得困难，这取决于疫苗的使用和有效性。
We studied the secondary attack rate (SAR), risk factors, and precautionary practices of household transmission in a prospective, longitudinal study. We further compared transmission between the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and non-Variant of Concern (non-VOC) viruses. From May 2020 throughout April 2021, we recruited 70 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 146 household contacts. Participants donated biological samples eight times over 6 weeks and answered questionnaires. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing and droplet digital PCR were used to establish virus variant and viral load. SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurred in 60% of the households, and the overall SAR for household contacts was 50%. The SAR was significantly higher for the Alpha variant (78%) compared with non-VOC viruses (43%) and was associated with a higher viral load. SAR was higher in household contacts aged ≥40 years (69%) than in younger contacts (40–47%), and for contacts of primary cases with loss of taste/smell. Children had lower viral loads and were more often asymptomatic than adults. Sleeping separately from the primary case reduced the risk of transmission. In conclusion, we found substantial household transmission, particularly for the Alpha variant. Precautionary practices seem to reduce SAR, but preventing household transmission may become difficult with more contagious variants, depending on vaccine use and effectiveness.
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DOI：
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10.1093/infdis/jiaa691
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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