Sustained signaling by canonical helper T cell cytokines throughout the reactive lymph node.
Sustained signaling by canonical helper T cell cytokines throughout the reactive lymph node.
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Cytokines are soluble proteins that regulate immune responses. A current paradigm is that cytokine production in lymphoid tissues is tightly localized and signaling occurs between conjugate cells. Here we assess cytokine signaling during infection by measuring in vivo phosphorylation of intracellular signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We show that interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) signal to the majority of lymphocytes throughout the reactive lymph node, and that IL-4 conditioning of naïve, bystander cells is sufficient to override opposing Th1 instruction. Our results demonstrate that, despite localized production, cytokines can permeate a lymph node and modify the majority of cells therein. Cytokine conditioning of bystander cells could provide a mechanism by which chronic worm infections subvert the host response to subsequent infections or vaccination attempts.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20011502
发表时间:
2002-01-07
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
作者:
Campbell DJ;Butcher EC
通讯作者:
Butcher EC
DOI:
10.1084/jem.177.4.1199
发表时间:
1993-04-01
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
作者:
Manetti R;Parronchi P;Giudizi MG;Piccinni MP;Maggi E;Trinchieri G;Romagnani S
通讯作者:
Romagnani S
DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.0803666
发表时间:
2009-06-15
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Hotson AN;Hardy JW;Hale MB;Contag CH;Nolan GP
通讯作者:
Nolan GP
DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2414
发表时间:
2008-08-15
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Elliott DE;Metwali A;Leung J;Setiawan T;Blum AM;Ince MN;Bazzone LE;Stadecker MJ;Urban JF Jr;Weinstock JV
通讯作者:
Weinstock JV
影响因子:
32.4
作者:
Kaplan, MH;Schindler, U;Grusby, MJ
通讯作者:
Grusby, MJ