Looking at the Pretty "Phase" of Membraneless Organelles: A View From Drosophila Glia.
Looking at the Pretty "Phase" of Membraneless Organelles: A View From Drosophila Glia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2022.801953
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Arkov AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arkov AL
无膜颗粒在不同的细胞类型和细胞位点中组装，并且由于其对细胞组织的根本重要性而成为密集研究的焦点。这些动态细胞器通常由RNA和蛋白质组分组装而成，并且表现出目前用生物物理方法和超分辨率显微成像表征的分子凝聚物的软物质特性。此外，对RNA-蛋白质颗粒组装的分子机制的研究提供了对异常颗粒和分子聚集体的形成的见解，这些颗粒和分子聚集体发生在许多神经退行性疾病中，包括帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、肌萎缩性侧索硬化（ALS）和额颞叶痴呆（FTD）。虽然这些疾病与异常颗粒的形成有关，但无膜细胞器通常在神经元中组装，并有助于翻译控制和影响神经元RNA的稳定性。最近，在果蝇神经胶质中发现了一种新的无膜颗粒亚型（神经胶质颗粒）。有趣的是，发现神经胶质颗粒中含有的蛋白质是生殖细胞中无膜颗粒（生殖颗粒）的主要成分，这表明这些结构在神经胶质和生殖细胞中的功能组装有一些相似之处。这篇小型评论重点介绍了最近在其他无膜细胞器背景下对胶质颗粒的研究，包括它们的组装机制和在神经系统中的潜在功能。
Membraneless granules assemble in different cell types and cellular loci and are the focus of intense research due to their fundamental importance for cellular organization. These dynamic organelles are commonly assembled from RNA and protein components and exhibit soft matter characteristics of molecular condensates currently characterized with biophysical approaches and super-resolution microscopy imaging. In addition, research on the molecular mechanisms of the RNA–protein granules assembly provided insights into the formation of abnormal granules and molecular aggregates, which takes place during many neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s diseases (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While these disorders are associated with formation of abnormal granules, membraneless organelles are normally assembled in neurons and contribute to translational control and affect stability of neuronal RNAs. More recently, a new subtype of membraneless granules was identified in Drosophila glia (glial granules). Interestingly, glial granules were found to contain proteins which are the principal components of the membraneless granules in germ cells (germ granules), indicating some similarity in the functional assembly of these structures in glia and germline. This mini review highlights recent research on glial granules in the context of other membraneless organelles, including their assembly mechanisms and potential functions in the nervous system.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
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