Are stay-at-home orders more difficult to follow for low-income groups?
Are stay-at-home orders more difficult to follow for low-income groups?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102894
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Niemeier D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lou J;Shen X;Niemeier D
为了应对新冠肺炎疫情，美国越来越多的州、县和市发布了强制性的全职命令，作为减缓病毒传播的努力的一部分。我们认为，这种一刀切的秩序的后果将在不同的经济群体中得到不同的分配。在这篇文章中，我们考察了低收入人群的社会距离行为变化。我们对低收入群体和高收入群体的反应进行了比较分析，并评估了他们对新冠肺炎风险的相对敞口。通过对3140个县的差异性分析，我们发现社会距离政策对低收入群体的影响小于对高收入群体的影响，最高可达46%-54%。我们对不同影响背后的机制的探索表明，对于与工作相关的出行，留在家订单并没有显着减少低收入工作出行，这一结果在统计上是显着的。也就是说，由全职订单定义的基本业务份额与县级收入显著负相关。在非工作相关的出行中，我们发现低收入组和高收入组在居家订单后都减少了去零售、娱乐、杂货和药店的次数，高收入组比低收入组减少了更多的出行。
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a growing number of states, counties and cities in the United States issued mandatory stay-at-home orders as part of their efforts to slow down the spread of the virus. We argue that the consequences of this one-size-fits-all order will be differentially distributed among economic groups. In this paper, we examine social distance behavior changes for lower income populations. We conduct a comparative analysis of responses between lower-income and upper-income groups and assess their relative exposure to COVID-19 risks. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences analysis of 3140 counties, we find social distance policy effect on the lower-income group is smaller than that of the upper-income group, by as much as 46% to 54%. Our explorations of the mechanisms behind the disparate effects suggest that for the work-related trips the stay-at-home orders do not significantly reduce low income work trips and this result is statistically significant. That is, the share of essential business defined by stay-at-home orders is significantly negatively correlated with income at county level. In the non-work-related trips, we find that both the lower-income and upper-income groups reduced visits to retail, recreation, grocery, and pharmacy visits after the stay-at-home order, with the upper-income group reducing trips more compared to lower-income group.
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DOI：
10.1177/0033354920976575
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Abouk R;Heydari B
通讯作者：
Heydari B
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Gilens, M
通讯作者：
Gilens, M
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Davis, Lucas W.;Wolfram, Catherine
通讯作者：
Wolfram, Catherine
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Glaeser, Edward L.;Kahn, Matthew E.;Rappaport, Jordan
通讯作者：
Rappaport, Jordan
影响因子：
8
作者：
Abbott, Joshua K.;Klaiber, H. Allen
通讯作者：
Klaiber, H. Allen