Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration.

Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.050
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发表时间:
2020-11-25
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Beheshti A
Beheshti A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Afshinnekoo E;Scott RT;MacKay MJ;Pariset E;Cekanaviciute E;Barker R;Gilroy S;Hassane D;Smith SM;Zwart SR;Nelman-Gonzalez M;Crucian BE;Ponomarev SA;Orlov OI;Shiba D;Muratani M;Yamamoto M;Richards SE;Vaishampayan PA;Meydan C;Foox J;Myrrhe J;Istasse E;Singh N;Venkateswaran K;Keune JA;Ray HE;Basner M;Miller J;Vitaterna MH;Taylor DM;Wallace D;Rubins K;Bailey SM;Grabham P;Costes SV;Mason CE;Beheshti A

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Research on astronaut health and model organisms have revealed six features of spaceflight biology which guide our current understanding of fundamental molecular changes that occur during space travel. The features include oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysregulation, epigenetics (including gene regulation), telomere length alterations, and microbiome shifts. Here we review the known hazards of human spaceflight, how spaceflight affects living systems through these six fundamental features, and the associated health risks of space exploration. We also discuss the essential issues related to the health and safety of astronauts involved in future missions, especially planned long-duration and Martian missions. An international group of spaceflight researchers detail how spaceflight affects human biology from the molecular to physiological level and identify key challenges for making space exploration compatible with human health.
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