Playful pigs: Evidence of consistency and change in play depending on litter and developmental stage.
Playful pigs: Evidence of consistency and change in play depending on litter and developmental stage.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2017.09.018
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Lawrence AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown SM;Peters R;Nevison IM;Lawrence AB
幼崽的玩耍行为在断奶前和断奶后都有微小的差异。在运动游戏中，超过25%的差异可归因于猫砂。《无伤大雅的战斗》在表现断奶前后的一致性方面是独一无二的。窝仔对断奶的运动游戏反应不同(“窝仔断奶效应”)。这表明，在幼崽水平上有一个“共同因素”，导致了运动游戏的差异。先前已经证明，断奶前的小猪的玩耍行为在不同的窝点之间变化一致。这项研究的目的是确定这些断奶前的幼崽在游戏行为上的差异在断奶后是否也是一致的。在自由分娩系统(PigSAFE)中饲养7窝商品仔猪，并在分娩后28天(+/−2日龄)断奶。断奶后的仔猪在猪圈内以窝群形式饲养。分析调整了窝内和窝之间的性别，将其作为影响玩耍行为的唯一统计上有意义的协变量。在断奶前和断奶后两个阶段的运动游戏中都观察到了窝产仔猪的差异(Pre：F(6，76)x=55.51 P<；0.001；Post：F(6，69)t；=14.71，P<；0.001)和Run(Pre：F(6，76)n=44.96，P<；0.001；Post：F(6，69)F=14.58，P&t<；0.001；运动游戏的主要因素)。单个观察动物断奶前的运动游戏中28%的变异和断奶后26%的变异可归因于窝产仔。在这两个阶段中，没有统计证据表明仔猪之间的社交游戏存在差异，只有8%的断奶前差异和1%的断奶后差异可归因于窝龄水平。然而，无害的打斗(社会游戏的主要元素)显示出两个时期产仔差异的强有力证据(前：F(6，76)F=62.38，P=0.037；后：F(6，69)F=92.60，P=0.025)，并且是断奶前和断奶后游戏行为中唯一相关的方面(r=0.765，Df=0.765，P=0.045)。平均而言，断奶后玩耍增加。通过对断奶后不同的运动游戏行为的反应来衡量断奶前和断奶后运动游戏行为的变化，小猫表现出了“断奶效应”(F(6，70)=65.95，P<；0.001)。这些结果大体上证实了之前的工作，即在断奶前和断奶后的游戏行为方面几乎没有差异。然而，在断奶前和断奶后，除了无害的打斗之外，在游戏行为的类别上没有一致的猫砂差异。我们证明了一种“断奶效应”，即幼崽作为一个“单位”对断奶做出反应，表现为它们的运动玩耍行为。总体而言，这些结果进一步支持在新生猪中使用PLAY作为一种敏感的福利指标。
Litter differences in play behaviour occur pre- and post-weaning. More than 25% of the variance in locomotor play was attributable to the litter. 'Non harmful fighting’ was unique in showing consistency pre- to post-weaning. Litters differ in their locomotor play response to weaning (‘litter weaning effect’). Suggests a ‘common factor’ at the litter level creating variation in locomotor play. Play behaviour in pre-weaned piglets has previously been shown to vary consistently between litters. This study aimed to determine if these pre-weaning litter differences in play behaviour were also consistent in the post-weaning period. Seven litters of commercially bred piglets were raised in a free farrowing system (PigSAFE) and weaned at 28 days post-farrowing (+/−2 days). Post-weaning piglets were maintained in litter groups in the PigSAFE pen. Analyses have been adjusted for sex both within and between litter as the only statistically significant covariate to play behaviour. Litter differences were observed in locomotor play in both the pre- and post-weaning stage (Pre: F(6,76) = 5.51 P < 0.001; Post: F(6,69) = 4.71, P < 0.001) and run (Pre: F(6,76) = 4.96, P < 0.001; Post: F(6,69) = 4.58, P < 0.001; the major element of locomotor play). Twenty eight% of the variance for a single observed animal in pre-weaning locomotor play and 26% of variance post-weaning could be attributed to the litter. There was no statistical evidence of differences in social play between litters at either stage with only 8% of pre-weaning variance, and 1% of post-weaning variance being attributable to the litter level. However non-harmful fighting (the major element of social play), showed strong evidence of litter differences in both periods (Pre: F(6,76) = 2.38, P = 0.037; Post: F(6,69) = 2.60, P = 0.025), and was the only aspect of the play behaviour to correlate between the pre- and post-weaning periods (r = 0.765, df = 5, P = 0.045). On average play increased post-weaning. Litters showed a ‘litter weaning effect’ by differing in their locomotor play behavioural response to weaning, measured as the change in locomotor play behaviour from pre- to post-weaning (F(6,70) = 5.95, P < 0.001). These results generally confirm previous work showing litter differences in aspects of play behaviour in both the pre and post-weaning period. However, there was no consistency in litter differences between pre- and post-weaning periods in the categories of play behaviour with the exception of non-harmful fighting. We demonstrated a ‘litter weaning effect’ where litters respond as a ‘unit’ to weaning in terms of their locomotory play behaviour. In general these results add further support to the use of play as a sensitive welfare indicator in neonatal pigs.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cameron, Elissa Z.;Linklater, Wayne L.;Minot, Edward O.
通讯作者：
Minot, Edward O.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Krachun, Carla;Rushen, Jeffrey;de Passille, Anne Marie
通讯作者：
de Passille, Anne Marie
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
NEWBERRY, RC;WOODGUSH, DGM;HALL, JW
通讯作者：
HALL, JW
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Jarvis, Susan;Moinard, Christine;Lawrence, Alistair B.
通讯作者：
Lawrence, Alistair B.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Donaldson, TM;Newberry, RC;Cloutier, S
通讯作者：
Cloutier, S