Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence.
Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008921
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Huang G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du H;Bing J;Hu T;Ennis CL;Nobile CJ;Huang G
新出现的多重耐药真菌病原体耳念珠菌（Candida auris）于2009年首次在日本被发现，它正在成为一种全球公共卫生威胁，由于在过去十年中迅速和广泛出现，引起了相当大的关注。这种真菌最近出现的原因至今仍是一个谜。遗传分析表明，这种真菌病原体同时出现在几个不同的大陆，从不同的地理位置分离出5个遗传上不同的金黄色葡萄球菌分支。虽然金假丝酵母属于CTG分支（其组成物种将CTG密码子翻译为丝氨酸而不是亮氨酸，如标准代码），但金假丝酵母是一种单倍体真菌，与单倍体且经常具有多重耐药性的假丝酵母haemulonii和lusitaniae更为密切相关，与二倍体和临床常见的真菌病原体白色假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母有远亲关系。在过去几年中，医院环境中由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染和疫情一直在上升。其鉴定困难、多药耐药特性、毒力因子的进化、患者相关的高死亡率以及在环境表面的长期存活，使金黄色葡萄球菌在临床环境中尤其成问题。在这里，我们回顾了过去十年来在auris的生物学和临床方面取得的进展。未来的研究应致力于了解其生物学、流行病学、抗真菌耐药性和发病机制的机制细节，以开发新的工具和方法来预防、诊断和治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染。
First described in 2009 in Japan, the emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Candida auris is becoming a worldwide public health threat that has been attracting considerable attention due to its rapid and widespread emergence over the past decade. The reasons behind the recent emergence of this fungus remain a mystery to date. Genetic analyses indicate that this fungal pathogen emerged simultaneously in several different continents, where 5 genetically distinct clades of C. auris were isolated from distinct geographical locations. Although C. auris belongs to the CTG clade (its constituent species translate the CTG codon as serine instead of leucine, as in the standard code), C. auris is a haploid fungal species that is more closely related to the haploid and often multidrug-resistant species Candida haemulonii and Candida lusitaniae and is distantly related to the diploid and clinically common fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Infections and outbreaks caused by C. auris in hospitals settings have been rising over the past several years. Difficulty in its identification, multidrug resistance properties, evolution of virulence factors, associated high mortality rates in patients, and long-term survival on surfaces in the environment make C. auris particularly problematic in clinical settings. Here, we review progress made over the past decade on the biological and clinical aspects of C. auris. Future efforts should be directed toward understanding the mechanistic details of its biology, epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and pathogenesis with a goal of developing novel tools and methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of C. auris infections.
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Chowdhary A;Sharma C;Duggal S;Agarwal K;Prakash A;Singh PK;Jain S;Kathuria S;Randhawa HS;Hagen F;Meis JF
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