Oxygen Regulation in Development: Lessons from Embryogenesis towards Tissue Engineering.

Oxygen Regulation in Development: Lessons from Embryogenesis towards Tissue Engineering.
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发育中的氧气调节:从胚胎发生到组织工程的教训。

DOI:
10.1159/000493162
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Cells, tissues, organs
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Leipzig ND
Leipzig ND
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fathollahipour S;Patil PS;Leipzig ND

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氧气是维持和完成胚胎发育所必需的重要能量来源。氧不仅是许多细胞功能和新陈代谢的首选驱动力,而且还参与调节干细胞的命运、形态发生和器官发生。低氧水平是大多数过程在早期发育和主要驱动增殖的自然首选微环境。随后,器官发生和形态发生需要更多的氧气和营养物质。因此,在发育过程中,将氧气水平维持在一个狭窄的范围内是至关重要的。氧张力的调节主要是通过低氧诱导因子的作用来实现的。通过这些因子的作用,从胚胎状态到成年发育,不同组织中的氧气水平被感知和调节。为了能够在组织工程环境中模拟这一过程,重要的是了解氧在每个发育阶段的作用和水平,从胚胎干细胞分化到器官发生和形态发生。从天然组织微环境中吸取教训,研究人员探索了在合成组织工程支架和有机化合物中控制氧气张力的方法,如基于血红蛋白的、基于全氟碳化合物的和产生氧气的生物材料,目的是克服氧气水平和营养供应不足或不均匀的问题。
Oxygen is a vital source of energy necessary to sustain and complete embryonic development. Not only is oxygen the preferred driving force for many cellular functions and metabolism, but it also is involved in regulating stem cell fate, morphogenesis, and organogenesis. Low oxygen levels are the naturally preferred microenvironment for most processes during early development and drive mainly proliferation. Later, more oxygen, as well as nutrients are needed for organogenesis and morphogenesis. Therefore, it is critical to maintain oxygen levels within a narrow range as required during development. Modulating oxygen tensions is performed via oxygen homeostasis mainly through the function of hypoxia-inducible factors. Through the function of these factors, oxygen levels are sensed and regulated in different tissues, starting from their embryonic state to adult development. To be able to mimic this process in a tissue engineering setting, it is important to understand the role and levels of oxygen in each developmental stage, from embryonic stem cell differentiation to organogenesis and morphogenesis. Taking lessons from native tissue microenvironments, researchers have explored approaches to control oxygen tensions, such as hemoglobin-based, perfluorocarbon-based and oxygen generating biomaterials, within synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds and organoids with the aim of overcoming insufficient or non-uniform oxygen levels and nutrient supply.
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