Biophysical Interactions Underpin the Emergence of Information in the Genetic Code.

Biophysical Interactions Underpin the Emergence of Information in the Genetic Code.
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生物物理相互作用是遗传密码中信息的出现。

DOI:
10.3390/life13051129
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发表时间:
2023-05-04
期刊:
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
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其他
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遗传密码隐藏了“密码子内的代码”,这暗示了氨基酸及其同源核苷酸之间的生物物理相互作用。然而,几十年来的研究未能证实整个代码中系统的生物物理相互作用。使用分子动力学模拟和 NMR,我们分析了 3 种电荷状态下 20 种标准蛋白氨基酸和 4 种 RNA 单核苷酸之间的相互作用。我们的模拟表明,50% 的氨基酸与 RNA 主链常见的 -1 电荷态的反密码子中间碱基结合得最好,而 95% 的氨基酸与其至少 1 个密码子或反密码子碱基相互作用最强。随机分配中 99% 以上对同源反密码中间碱基的偏好。我们使用 NMR 验证了我们选择的结果,并强调了这两种技术在询问大量弱相互作用时所面临的挑战。最后,我们将模拟扩展到一系列氨基酸和二核苷酸,并证实了对同源核苷酸的类似偏好。尽管预测的模式与生物学中观察到的模式之间存在一些差异,但弱立体化学相互作用的存在意味着随机 RNA 序列可以模板化非随机肽。这为生物学中遗传信息的出现提供了令人信服的解释。
The genetic code conceals a ‘code within the codons’, which hints at biophysical interactions between amino acids and their cognate nucleotides. Yet, research over decades has failed to corroborate systematic biophysical interactions across the code. Using molecular dynamics simulations and NMR, we have analysed interactions between the 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids and 4 RNA mononucleotides in 3 charge states. Our simulations show that 50% of amino acids bind best with their anticodonic middle base in the −1 charge state common to the backbone of RNA, while 95% of amino acids interact most strongly with at least 1 of their codonic or anticodonic bases. Preference for the cognate anticodonic middle base was greater than 99% of randomised assignments. We verify a selection of our results using NMR, and highlight challenges with both techniques for interrogating large numbers of weak interactions. Finally, we extend our simulations to a range of amino acids and dinucleotides, and corroborate similar preferences for cognate nucleotides. Despite some discrepancies between the predicted patterns and those observed in biology, the existence of weak stereochemical interactions means that random RNA sequences could template non-random peptides. This offers a compelling explanation for the emergence of genetic information in biology.
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