When marriage is the best available option: Perceptions of opportunity and risk in female adolescence in Tanzania
When marriage is the best available option: Perceptions of opportunity and risk in female adolescence in Tanzania
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当婚姻是最佳选择时：坦桑尼亚女性青春期的机会和风险的看法
DOI：
10.1080/17441692.2020.1837911
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lawson, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schaffnit, Susan B.;Wamoyi, Joyce;Urassa, Mark;Dardoumpa, Maria;Lawson, David W.
全球健康研究通常将青春期婚姻描述为对女性健康的根本威胁。相比之下，在“处于危险中”的社区中进行的人种学研究表明，早婚通常被视为一种机会，与当地可行的替代方案进行了权衡。为了解决这一矛盾，我们记录了婚姻的风险和机会，将其置于坦桑尼亚西北部少女面临的更广泛关切中。在这些数据的基础上，我们为结束未成年人婚姻的全球努力提出建议。2019年，对青春期婚姻规范的半城市社区的女青少年、青年男女以及女青少年的父母进行了13个焦点小组和26次深度访谈。数据被汇编，以综合青少年风险和机会的叙述。婚姻被视为青春期女孩的机会，带来了诸如提高社会地位等好处。婚姻的风险有时超过了婚姻的好处，但当贫困等结构性限制限制了可行的选择，以及青少年在婚姻之外面临类似的风险(如怀孕)时，婚姻仍然是可取的。我们的结论是，保持未婚并不能保护青少年免受逆境的伤害，而通过刑事定罪针对青少年婚姻的运动，在不减少青春期其他风险的情况下，可能会进一步限制而不是扩大青春期女孩的选择。
Global health studies typically characterise adolescent marriage as a fundamental risk to female wellbeing. In contrast, ethnographic research among communities ‘at risk’ identifies that early marriage is often viewed as an opportunity weighed against locally feasible alternatives. Addressing this contradiction, we document perceived risks and opportunities of marriage, positioning them among wider concerns facing female adolescents in north-western Tanzania. On the basis of these data, we then provide recommendations for global efforts to end the marriage of minors. Thirteen focus groups and 26 in-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with female adolescents, young women and men, and parents of female adolescents from a semi-urban community where adolescent marriage is normative. Data were compiled to synthesise narratives of adolescent risk and opportunity. Marriage was viewed as an opportunity for adolescent girls, bringing benefits such as increased social status. Risks sometimes outweighed benefits of marriage, but marriage remained desirable when structural constraints, like poverty, limited feasible alternatives and when adolescents faced similar risks, like pregnancy, outside of marriage. We conclude that remaining unmarried does not shield adolescents from adversity, and campaigns targeting adolescent marriage via criminalisation,without diminishing other risks of adolescence, may further limit rather than expand options for adolescent girls.
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