Genetic parameters and genome-wide association study of digital cushion thickness in Holstein cows.
Genetic parameters and genome-wide association study of digital cushion thickness in Holstein cows.
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2022-22035
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
指垫与奶牛爪角病变（CHL）的发展有关。本研究的目的是（1）估计数字垫厚度（DCT）的遗传参数，（2）估计DCT和CHL之间的遗传相关性，（3）确定与DCT相关的候选基因。在4个农场前瞻性招募了2，352头荷斯坦奶牛，并在4个时间点进行评估：产犊前、产犊后即刻、泌乳早期和泌乳晚期。在每个时间点，由兽医记录CHL，并存储数字垫的超声图像，并在2个解剖位置进行回顾性测量。对动物进行基因分型，并从国家数据库中提取谱系详情。根据AIREMLF 90中实施的单步方法估计遗传参数。分析了四个特征：2 DCT测量值、足底病变（足底出血和足底溃疡）和白色线病变。所有性状均采用单变量线性混合模型进行分析，双变量模型拟合估计性状之间的遗传相关。在每个时间点进行DCT性状的单标记和基于窗口的全基因组关联分析;候选基因被定位在具有最大效应的基因组标记或窗口附近（<0.2 Mb）或之内。DCT的遗传度估计值范围为0.14至0.44，取决于DCT测量和评估时间点的位置。DCT和鞋底病变之间的遗传相关性一般是负的，特别是DCT产犊后立即和鞋底病变在早期或后期的哺乳期，和DCT在早期或后期的哺乳期和鞋底病变的严重程度在早期或后期的哺乳期。指垫厚度与白色线病变无遗传相关性。发现DCT的多基因背景;与炎症、脂肪代谢和骨发育相关的基因被定位在顶部标记物和窗口附近或内部。DCT的中等遗传力提供了一个机会，使用选择性育种来改变DCT的人口。DCT和唯一病变之间的负遗传相关性在生产的不同阶段，支持目前的假设唯一病变的发病机制。突出显示的候选基因提供了关于荷斯坦奶牛DCT复杂遗传背景的信息，但需要进一步的研究来探索和证实这些发现。
The digital cushion is linked to the development of claw horn lesions (CHL) in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate genetic parameters for digital cushion thickness (DCT), (2) estimate the genetic correlation between DCT and CHL, and (3) identify candidate genes associated with DCT. A cohort of 2,352 Holstein dairy cows were prospectively enrolled on 4 farms and assessed at 4 time points: before calving, immediately after calving, in early lactation, and in late lactation. At each time point, CHL was recorded by veterinary surgeons, and ultrasonographic images of the digital cushion were stored and retrospectively measured at 2 anatomical locations. Animals were genotyped and pedigree details extracted from the national database. Genetic parameters were estimated following a single-step approach implemented in AIREMLF90. Four traits were analyzed: the 2 DCT measurements, sole lesions (sole hemorrhage and sole ulcers), and white line lesions. All traits were analyzed with univariate linear mixed models; bivariate models were fit to estimate the genetic correlation between traits within and between time points. Single-marker and window-based genome-wide association analyses of DCT traits were conducted at each time point; candidate genes were mapped near (<0.2 Mb) or within the genomic markers or windows with the largest effects. Heritability estimates of DCT ranged from 0.14 to 0.44 depending on the location of DCT measurement and assessment time point. The genetic correlation between DCT and sole lesions was generally negative, notably between DCT immediately after calving and sole lesions in early or late lactation, and between DCT in early or late lactation and sole lesion severity in early or late lactation. Digital cushion thickness was not genetically correlated with white line lesions. A polygenic background to DCT was found; genes associated with inflammation, fat metabolism, and bone development were mapped near or within the top markers and windows. The moderate heritability of DCT provides an opportunity to use selective breeding to change DCT in a population. The negative genetic correlation between DCT and sole lesions at different stages of production lends support to current hypotheses of sole lesion pathogenesis. Highlighted candidate genes provide information regarding the complex genetic background of DCT in Holstein cows, but further studies are needed to explore and corroborate these findings.
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5.2
作者：
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