Virtual milgram: empathic concern or personal distress? Evidence from functional MRI and dispositional measures.
Virtual milgram: empathic concern or personal distress? Evidence from functional MRI and dispositional measures.
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DOI：
10.3389/neuro.09.029.2009
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jäncke L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheetham M;Pedroni AF;Antley A;Slater M;Jäncke L
作为他人侵略行为的代理人的一种动机似乎植根于迄今尚未阐明的服从权威的机制。最近，在一个沉浸式虚拟环境中部分复制了米尔格拉姆的服从范式，参与者给一个女性虚拟人施加痛苦，并观察她的痛苦。参与者对后者的反应是否更类似于对她的幸福的他人导向的移情关注，或者对她的痛苦的自我导向的个人痛苦的厌恶状态尚不清楚。使用该研究的刺激，这项基于事件相关fMRI的研究分析了观察疼痛与非疼痛受害者期间的大脑活动。这种对比揭示了已知参与情感处理的预定义大脑区域的激活，但不是那些通常与情感分享相关的区域（例如，ACC和ACC）。然后，我们研究了性格移情的不同维度是否预测了相同预定义大脑区域内的活动：而个人痛苦和幻想（即，倾向于将自己换位到虚构的情况和人物中）预测大脑活动，移情关注和观点采择预测与疼痛观察相关的神经元反应没有变化。这些探索性的研究结果表明，有一个独特的模式与观察疼痛相关的行为的受害者在这种社会困境的背景下，这种观察引起了自我导向的厌恶状态的个人痛苦，和客观的“现实”的痛苦是次要的这种反应。这些发现为更严格的服从性实验研究提供了一个起点。
One motive for behaving as the agent of another's aggression appears to be anchored in as yet unelucidated mechanisms of obedience to authority. In a recent partial replication of Milgram's obedience paradigm within an immersive virtual environment, participants administered pain to a female virtual human and observed her suffering. Whether the participants’ response to the latter was more akin to other-oriented empathic concern for her well-being or to a self-oriented aversive state of personal distress in response to her distress is unclear. Using the stimuli from that study, this event-related fMRI-based study analysed brain activity during observation of the victim in pain versus not in pain. This contrast revealed activation in pre-defined brain areas known to be involved in affective processing but not in those commonly associated with affect sharing (e.g., ACC and insula). We then examined whether different dimensions of dispositional empathy predict activity within the same pre-defined brain regions: While personal distress and fantasy (i.e., tendency to transpose oneself into fictional situations and characters) predicted brain activity, empathic concern and perspective taking predicted no change in neuronal response associated with pain observation. These exploratory findings suggest that there is a distinct pattern of brain activity associated with observing the pain-related behaviour of the victim within the context of this social dilemma, that this observation evoked a self-oriented aversive state of personal distress, and that the objective “reality” of pain is of secondary importance for this response. These findings provide a starting point for experimentally more rigorous investigation of obedience.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Breiter, HC;Etcoff, NL;Rosen, BR
通讯作者：
Rosen, BR
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0407042101
发表时间：
2004-11-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
de Gelder, B;Snyder, J;Hadjikhani, N
通讯作者：
Hadjikhani, N
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Dapretto, M;Bookheimer, SY
通讯作者：
Bookheimer, SY
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Botvinick, M;Jha, AP;Prkachin, KM
通讯作者：
Prkachin, KM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Beauregard, Mario;Paquette, Vincent;Levesque, Johanne
通讯作者：
Levesque, Johanne