Rochester's lead law: evaluation of a local environmental health policy innovation.
Rochester's lead law: evaluation of a local environmental health policy innovation.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1103606
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Morley R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Korfmacher KS;Ayoob M;Morley R
背景：在过去的三十年里，美国在降低儿童铅中毒发生率方面取得了重大进展。然而，儿童血铅升高（≥ 10 μg/dL）的流行率在一些社区仍然很高，特别是那些1978年以前住房条件差的社区。越来越多的市政当局正在使用地方政策工具来减少高风险地区的铅中毒，但人们对这些政策的有效性知之甚少。目标：在这篇文章中，我们评估了2005年在纽约罗切斯特通过的一项全面的以出租房屋为基础的主导法律的有效性。研究方法：这项政策评估综合了对城市检查数据的分析、对房东、房东重点群体的调查以及卫生部门关于2005年法律实施前4年儿童血铅水平的数据。结果：执行工作的进展与预计的检查次数一致，在头4年几乎检查了所有目标单位。高于预期的检查通过率表明，房东已经减少了受法律影响的出租房屋的铅危害。铅法的实施似乎没有对住房市场产生重大影响。结论：尽管仍存在许多不确定性，但我们的分析表明，铅法对儿童健康产生了积极影响。强有力的执法，支持以社区为基础的铅计划，并正在进行的政府间协调将是必要的，以保持铅安全住房在罗切斯特。从罗切斯特的经验中吸取的教训可能会为其他社区未来的地方铅中毒预防政策提供信息。
Background: Significant progress has been made in reducing the incidence of childhood lead poisoning in the United States in the past three decades. However, the prevalence of elevated blood lead in children (≥ 10 μg/dL) remains high in some communities, particularly those with high proportions of pre-1978 housing in poor condition. Increasingly, municipalities are using local policy tools to reduce lead poisoning in high-risk areas, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies. Objectives: In this article, we evaluated the effectiveness of a comprehensive rental housing–based lead law adopted in Rochester, New York, in 2005. Methods: This policy evaluation integrates analyses of city inspections data, a survey of landlords, landlord focus groups, and health department data on children’s blood lead levels from the first 4 years of implementation of the 2005 law. Results: Implementation has proceeded consistent with projected numbers of inspections with nearly all target units inspected in the first 4 years. Higher than expected inspection passage rates suggest that landlords have reduced lead hazards in rental housing affected by the law. Implementation of the lead law does not appear to have had a significant impact on the housing market. Conclusions: Although many uncertainties remain, our analysis suggests that the lead law has had a positive impact on children’s health. Strong enforcement, support for community-based lead programs, and ongoing intergovernmental coordination will be necessary to maintain lead-safe housing in Rochester. Lessons learned from the Rochester experience may inform future local lead poisoning prevention policies in other communities.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
O'Fallon LR;Dearry A
通讯作者：
Dearry A
影响因子：
8
作者：
Jones, Robert L.;Homa, David M.;Brown, Mary Jean
通讯作者：
Brown, Mary Jean
影响因子：
8
作者：
Lanphear, BP;Byrd, RS;Schaffer, SJ
通讯作者：
Schaffer, SJ
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Levin R;Brown MJ;Kashtock ME;Jacobs DE;Whelan EA;Rodman J;Schock MR;Padilla A;Sinks T
通讯作者：
Sinks T
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Dixon, SL;Wilson, JW;Chen, M
通讯作者：
Chen, M