Nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of parasitism: evolution of complex replication strategies.
Nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of parasitism: evolution of complex replication strategies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.210441
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hogeweg P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hickinbotham SJ;Stepney S;Hogeweg P
在RNA世界的模型和实验室实验中，寄生现象很容易出现，除非通过区室化或空间模式化来防止，否则寄生现象将导致灭绝。将复制建模为一个活跃的计算过程，开辟了许多自由度，这些自由度被用来应对环境挑战，并修改进化过程本身。在这里，我们使用自动机化学模型和空间RNA世界模型来研究寄生的出现和响应的复杂性。这个系统是用一个手工设计的复制子初始化的，它复制其他复制子，点突变的机会很小。短的寄生虫几乎立刻就出现了;它们复制得更快，因此具有进化优势。复制子也变得更短，因此复制得更快;它们进化出一种减慢复制的机制，这减少了复制子和寄生虫复制速率的差异。它们还进化出明确的机制来区分自我的复制品和寄生虫;这些机制变得越来越复杂。新的寄生虫物种不断地从突变的复制因子中产生，而不是从进化的寄生虫谱系中产生。进化本身也在进化，例如通过有效地增加点突变率，以及通过产生新的突变算子。因此，寄生驱动着复杂复制因子和复杂生态系统的进化。
Parasitism emerges readily in models and laboratory experiments of RNA world and would lead to extinction unless prevented by compartmentalization or spatial patterning. Modelling replication as an active computational process opens up many degrees of freedom that are exploited to meet environmental challenges, and to modify the evolutionary process itself. Here, we use automata chemistry models and spatial RNA-world models to study the emergence of parasitism and the complexity that evolves in response. The system is initialized with a hand-designed replicator that copies other replicators with a small chance of point mutation. Almost immediately, short parasites arise; these are copied more quickly, and so have an evolutionary advantage. The replicators also become shorter, and so are replicated faster; they evolve a mechanism to slow down replication, which reduces the difference of replication rate of replicators and parasites. They also evolve explicit mechanisms to discriminate copies of self from parasites; these mechanisms become increasingly complex. New parasite species continually arise from mutated replicators, rather than from evolving parasite lineages. Evolution itself evolves, e.g. by effectively increasing point mutation rates, and by generating novel emergent mutational operators. Thus, parasitism drives the evolution of complex replicators and complex ecosystems.
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影响因子：
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作者：
Koonin EV;Wolf YI;Katsnelson MI
通讯作者：
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