Gulf fisheries supported resilience in the decade following unparalleled oiling
Gulf fisheries supported resilience in the decade following unparalleled oiling
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在无与伦比的石油开采之后的十年里，海湾渔业支持了恢复力
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.3801
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fodrie, F. Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swinea, Savannah H.;Fodrie, F. Joel
2010年深水地平线（DwH）灾难以前所未有的规模挑战了墨西哥湾（GOM）大型海洋生态系统的完整性，引发了人们对墨西哥湾渔业在泄漏后十年中遭受毁灭性伤害的担忧。灾难发生后，由于经济上珍贵的、主要是支持渔业社区的近岸分类群的脆弱性，预计在油污发生后的十年里，区域商业、娱乐和海水养殖部门的经济损失总额为37亿至87亿美元。2000年至2017年期间的州和联邦渔业数据表明，墨西哥湾渔业部门似乎在人类历史上最大的意外海洋石油泄漏事件发生后发挥了非凡的弹性锚作用。灾后对渔业经济影响的证据可以忽略不计。相反，2010-2017年期间，墨西哥湾的商业销售额比根据泄漏前（2000-2009年）轨迹得出的预测高出8 - 15亿美元，而泄漏前和泄漏后的休闲渔业趋势没有明显差异。泄漏后目标物种的变化或跨州的努力分配并不能明显解释这些发现。揭示这种不可预见的稳定性的机制是理解人类-自然系统对未来干扰的脆弱性或复原力的重要途径。在dwh之后，渔业响应的原因可能是多方面的和复杂的（包括通常影响渔业依赖数据的外生经济力量），但似乎部分地解释了沿海渔业组合的相对生态稳定性，尽管石油广泛存在，这已经被墨西哥湾北部的多个渔业独立调查所证实。此外，我们假设对渔民的损害赔偿导致了商业渔业基础设施的收购或重组，并随后增加了收获努力。综上所述，这些社会-生态动态可能有助于在dwh后的几年内恢复受压力的沿海墨西哥湾群落，尽管泄漏后时期捕捞压力的增加可能会对未来墨西哥湾生态系统的结构、功能和恢复能力产生影响。
The 2010Deepwater Horizon(DwH) disaster challenged the integrity of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) large‐marine ecosystem at unprecedented scales, prompting concerns of devastating injury for GOM fisheries in the post‐spill decade. Following the catastrophe, projected economic losses for regional commercial, recreational, and mariculture sectors for the decade after oiling were US$3.7–8.7 billion overall, owing to the vulnerability of economically prized, primarily nearshore taxa that support fishing communities. State and federal fisheries data during 2000–2017 indicated that GOM fishery sectors appeared to serve as remarkable anchors of resilience following the largest accidental marine oil spill in human history. Evidence of post‐disaster impacts on fisheries economies was negligible. Rather, GOM commercial sales during 2010–2017 were US$0.8–1.5 billion above forecasts derived using pre‐spill (2000–2009) trajectories, while pre‐ and post‐spill recreational fishery trends did not differ appreciably. No post‐spill shifts in target species or effort distribution across states were apparent to explain these findings. Unraveling the mechanisms for this unforeseen stability represents an important avenue for understanding the vulnerability or resilience of human–natural systems to future disturbances. FollowingDwH, the causes for fishery responses are likely multifaceted and complex (including exogenous economic forces that typically affect fisheries‐dependent data), but appear partially explained by the relative ecological stability of coastal fishery assemblages despite widespread oiling, which has been corroborated by multiple fishery‐independent surveys across the northern GOM. Additionally, we hypothesize that damage payments to fishermen led to acquisition or retooling of commercial fisheries infrastructure, and subsequent rises in harvest effort. Combined, these social–ecological dynamics likely aided recovery of stressed coastal GOM communities in the years afterDwH, although increased fishing pressure in the post‐spill era may have consequences for future GOM ecosystem structure, function, and resilience.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1100385108
发表时间：
2012-12-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Camilli, Richard;Di Iorio, Daniela;Fenwick, Judith
通讯作者：
Fenwick, Judith