Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome.
Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00856
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Nakamura M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirai M;Muramatsu Y;Mizuno S;Kurahashi N;Kurahashi H;Nakamura M
威廉姆斯综合征（WS）是由7号染色体部分缺失引起的遗传性疾病。WS患者具有非典型的认知能力，如过度社交和受损的视觉空间认知，尽管这些缺陷的机制以及它们之间的关系尚不清楚。在这里，我们评估的性能在心理旋转（MR）和2级视觉透视（VPT2）任务的个人和没有WS。个人WS获得较低的分数在VPT2任务比在MR任务。与对照组的成员相比，这些人在MR和VPT 2任务上的表现也很差。对于对照组中的个体，在两个任务的开发过程中，表现分数都有所改善，而WS组中的那些个体的分数仅在MR任务中有所改善，而不是VPT 2任务。因此，我们进行了第二个实验，以探讨在VPT 2任务中WS患者所面临的特定认知挑战。除了要求参与者改变他们的物理位置（自我运动），我们还要求他们通过想象他们已经移动到一个特定的位置（自我运动意象）来采用第三人称视角。这使我们能够评估他们模拟自己身体运动的能力。控制组在自我运动和自我运动意象任务中的表现都有所改善，这两项表现都与言语心理年龄相关。然而，我们没有发现任何发展变化的表现，无论是在WS组的任务。WS组自我运动想象任务的表现评分较低，与该人群中观察到的VPT 2评分相似。这些结果表明，MR和VPT2任务涉及不同的过程，这些过程在WS的人不同的发展。此外，难以完成VPT2任务可能部分是因为WS的人无法准确地模拟心理身体运动。
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by the partial deletion of chromosome 7. Individuals with WS have atypical cognitive abilities, such as hypersociability and compromised visuospatial cognition, although the mechanisms underlying these deficits, as well as the relationship between them, remain unclear. Here, we assessed performance in mental rotation (MR) and level 2 visual perspective taking (VPT2) tasks in individuals with and without WS. Individuals with WS obtained lower scores in the VPT2 task than in the MR task. These individuals also performed poorly on both the MR and VPT2 tasks compared with members of a control group. For the individuals in the control group, performance scores improved during development for both tasks, while the scores of those in the WS group improved only in the MR task, and not the VPT2 task. Therefore, we conducted a second experiment to explore the specific cognitive challenges faced by people with WS in the VPT2 task. In addition to asking participants to change their physical location (self-motion), we also asked them to adopt a third-person perspective by imagining that they had moved to a specified location (self-motion imagery). This enabled us to assess their ability to simulate the movement of their own bodies. The performance in the control group improved in both the self-motion and self-motion imagery tasks and both performances were correlated with verbal mental age. However, we did not find any developmental changes in performance for either task in the WS group. Performance scores for the self-motion imagery task in the WS group were low, similar to the scores observed for the VPT2 in this population. These results suggest that MR and VPT2 tasks involve different processes, and that these processes develop differently in people with WS. Moreover, difficulty completing VPT2 tasks may be partly because of an inability of people with WS to accurately simulate mental body motion.
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Frigerio, E;Burt, DM;Borgatti, R
通讯作者：
Borgatti, R
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