High Leptospira Diversity in Animals and Humans Complicates the Search for Common Reservoirs of Human Disease in Rural Ecuador.
High Leptospira Diversity in Animals and Humans Complicates the Search for Common Reservoirs of Human Disease in Rural Ecuador.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004990
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Pearson T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barragan V;Chiriboga J;Miller E;Olivas S;Birdsell D;Hepp C;Hornstra H;Schupp JM;Morales M;Gonzalez M;Reyes S;de la Cruz C;Keim P;Hartskeerl R;Trueba G;Pearson T
钩端螺旋体病是一种人畜共患疾病，在世界各地，特别是在热带和低收入国家，发病率很高。老鼠被认为是城市环境中人类钩端螺旋体病的主要传播媒介。然而，城市和低收入农村社区之间的差异为该疾病的流行病学提供了更多见解。我们的研究是在厄瓜多尔海岸附近的两个低收入农村社区进行的。我们使用新的实时定量 PCR 检测和扩增子测序技术在各种样品中检测并表征了传染性钩端螺旋体 DNA。我们在发热患者中检测到传染性钩端螺旋体的比例很高（14.7%）。与之前关于钩端螺旋体病危险因素的研究相比，大鼠（3.0%）的阳性率较高，而牛（35.8%）和猪（21.1%）的阳性率较高。鉴定出六种钩端螺旋体物种（L. borgpetersenii、L. kirschnerii、L. santarosai、问号钩端螺旋体、L. noguchii 以及 L. licerasiae 和 L. Wolffii 分支内的中间物种），并且检测到每个动物物种中存在的钩端螺旋体物种没有显着差异（χ2 = 9.89，adj.p 值 = 0.27）。世界上很大一部分人口生活在低收入农村社区，然而，有关这些环境中钩端螺旋体病传播动态的信息有限。在这些地区，接触家畜周围的情况特别常见，牛和猪中传染性钩端螺旋体的高流行表明它们可能是人类传播的最重要的宿主。临床样本基因分型表明，多种钩端螺旋体与人类疾病有关。由于这些基因型也在多种动物的样本中检测到，因此基因型数据必须与流行病学数据结合使用，以提供传播证据以及不同潜在钩端螺旋体病宿主的重要性。钩端螺旋体病是一种发热性疾病，在全世界范围内发病率很高。它是由钩端螺旋体属的螺旋体细菌引起的，并通过动物尿液或受污染的土壤或水传播给人类。钩端螺旋体病的流行病学已在城市社区得到广泛研究，其中老鼠被认为是该疾病的主要动物宿主。然而，在低收入农村地区，钩端螺旋体病的报告和研究不足，这些地区不同的条件可能导致不同的传播风险。在厄瓜多尔海岸附近的两个低收入农村社区，我们从发热患者和假定的动物宿主中检测到了钩端螺旋体并对其进行了特征分析。我们的结果显示了钩端螺旋体病流行病学的复杂性，并表明牲畜可能是钩端螺旋体病的一个未被认识到的来源。了解许多环境中钩端螺旋体病的流行病学可以提供对传播的深入了解，最终可用于预防和控制这种疾病。
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease responsible for high morbidity around the world, especially in tropical and low income countries. Rats are thought to be the main vector of human leptospirosis in urban settings. However, differences between urban and low-income rural communities provide additional insights into the epidemiology of the disease. Our study was conducted in two low-income rural communities near the coast of Ecuador. We detected and characterized infectious leptospira DNA in a wide variety of samples using new real time quantitative PCR assays and amplicon sequencing. We detected infectious leptospira in a high percentage of febrile patients (14.7%). In contrast to previous studies on leptospirosis risk factors, higher positivity was not found in rats (3.0%) but rather in cows (35.8%) and pigs (21.1%). Six leptospira species were identified (L. borgpetersenii, L kirschnerii, L santarosai, L. interrogans, L noguchii, and an intermediate species within the L. licerasiae and L. wolffii clade) and no significant differences in the species of leptospira present in each animal species was detected (χ2 = 9.89, adj.p-value = 0.27). A large portion of the world’s human population lives in low-income, rural communities, however, there is limited information about leptospirosis transmission dynamics in these settings. In these areas, exposure to peridomestic livestock is particularly common and high prevalence of infectious leptospira in cows and pigs suggest that they may be the most important reservoir for human transmission. Genotyping clinical samples show that multiple species of leptospira are involved in human disease. As these genotypes were also detected in samples from a variety of animals, genotype data must be used in conjunction with epidemiological data to provide evidence of transmission and the importance of different potential leptospirosis reservoirs. Leptospirosis is a febrile disease responsible for high morbidity rates all around the world. It is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira and transmitted to humans through animal urine or contaminated soil or water. The epidemiology of leptospirosis has been extensively studied in urban communities, where rats are thought to be the main animal reservoir of the disease. However, leptospirosis has been under-reported and under-studied in low-income rural areas where different conditions may result in different transmission risks. In two low-income rural communities near the coast of Ecuador, we detected and characterized leptospira from febrile patients and putative animal reservoirs. Our results show the complexity of leptospirosis epidemiology and suggest that livestock may serve as an under recognized source of leptospirosis. Understanding the epidemiology of leptospirosis in many settings provide insights into transmission that can ultimately be used to to prevent and control this disease.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Cosson JF;Picardeau M;Mielcarek M;Tatard C;Chaval Y;Suputtamongkol Y;Buchy P;Jittapalapong S;Herbreteau V;Morand S
通讯作者：
Morand S
实时PCR的开发和验证，用于检测临床材料中致病性钩端螺旋体。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ahmed A;Engelberts MF;Boer KR;Ahmed N;Hartskeerl RA
通讯作者：
Hartskeerl RA
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Ahmed, Niyaz;Devi, S Manjulata;Hartskeerl, Rudy A
通讯作者：
Hartskeerl, Rudy A
拉丁美洲的人口、农业和环境关系：二十世纪后半叶国家一级的证据
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Carr, David L.;Carla Lopez, Anna;Bilsborrow, Richard E.
通讯作者：
Bilsborrow, Richard E.