Epidemiology of leptospira transmitted by rodents in southeast Asia.
Epidemiology of leptospira transmitted by rodents in southeast Asia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002902
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Morand S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cosson JF;Picardeau M;Mielcarek M;Tatard C;Chaval Y;Suputtamongkol Y;Buchy P;Jittapalapong S;Herbreteau V;Morand S
钩端螺旋体病是最常见的细菌性人畜共患病，已被确认为东南亚正在出现的一个重要的全球公共卫生问题。啮齿动物是人类钩端螺旋体病的重要宿主，但缺乏流行病学数据。从2009年到2010年，我们从东南亚(泰国、老挝和柬埔寨)的七个不同栖息地采集了啮齿动物样本。人类分离株也是从啮齿动物样本附近的地点获得的。使用从啮齿动物肾脏中提取的DNA，以lipL32基因为靶点，通过实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)评估钩端螺旋体感染的流行率。对从大鼠肾脏提取的DNA进行RRS和Secy基因测序和多位点变数串联重复序列(VNTR)分析，以进行钩端螺旋体分离株的分子分型。在鼠类中检出4种，分别为伯氏钩端螺旋体(占阳性样本的56%)、问号钩端螺旋体(36%)、克氏钩端螺旋体(3%)和魏氏钩端螺旋体(2%)，与人类分离株相同。啮齿动物的平均患病率约为7%，在不同地区和生境之间存在很大差异，但在不同啮齿动物物种之间不存在差异。两个数量最多的钩端螺旋体物种表现出不同的栖息地要求：问号钩端螺旋体与潮湿的栖息地(稻田和森林)有关，而博氏钩端螺旋体在潮湿和干燥的栖息地(不可淹没的土地)都有丰富的栖息地。问号钩端螺旋体和伯氏钩端螺旋体在啮齿动物种群中广泛分布，菌株分型证实啮齿动物是人类钩端螺旋体病的宿主。问号钩端螺旋体和伯氏钩端螺旋体对栖息地要求的差异支持不同的传播模式。在东南亚，人类感染风险不仅限于普遍接受的在湿地和稻田中进行的活动，还应包括林业工作以及狩猎和准备食用啮齿动物等任务，这些应在未来的流行病学研究中得到更多关注。钩端螺旋体病是世界上最流行的细菌性人畜共患病。啮齿动物被认为是钩端螺旋体的主要宿主，但对来自东南亚的啮齿动物进行的流行病学研究很少。先前的研究表明，将人类置于啮齿动物共有的微环境中的活动会增加感染钩端螺旋体病的可能性。因此，我们调查了分布在东南亚七个地区--泰国、老挝和柬埔寨--的钩端螺旋体物种和菌株在啮齿动物群落和人类种群中的传播情况。用分子分型方法对啮齿动物和人的钩端螺旋体的种类和菌株进行了鉴定，表明人和啮齿动物之间存在共同的株系。此外，我们观察到最丰富的两种钩端螺旋体：伯氏钩端螺旋体和问号钩端螺旋体有不同的栖息地要求，这可能是不同的传播方式。最后，在东南亚，向人类传播钩端螺旋体的风险不仅限于湿地和稻田，还与林区以及狩猎和/或准备食用啮齿动物等活动有关。
Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses and has been identified as an important emerging global public health problem in Southeast Asia. Rodents are important reservoirs for human leptospirosis, but epidemiological data is lacking. We sampled rodents living in different habitats from seven localities distributed across Southeast Asia (Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia), between 2009 to 2010. Human isolates were also obtained from localities close to where rodents were sampled. The prevalence of Leptospira infection was assessed by real-time PCR using DNA extracted from rodent kidneys, targeting the lipL32 gene. Sequencing rrs and secY genes, and Multi Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on DNA extracted from rat kidneys for Leptospira isolates molecular typing. Four species were detected in rodents, L. borgpetersenii (56% of positive samples), L. interrogans (36%), L. kirschneri (3%) and L. weilli (2%), which were identical to human isolates. Mean prevalence in rodents was approximately 7%, and largely varied across localities and habitats, but not between rodent species. The two most abundant Leptospira species displayed different habitat requirements: L. interrogans was linked to humid habitats (rice fields and forests) while L. borgpetersenii was abundant in both humid and dry habitats (non-floodable lands). L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii species are widely distributed amongst rodent populations, and strain typing confirmed rodents as reservoirs for human leptospirosis. Differences in habitat requirements for L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii supported differential transmission modes. In Southeast Asia, human infection risk is not only restricted to activities taking place in wetlands and rice fields as is commonly accepted, but should also include tasks such as forestry work, as well as the hunting and preparation of rodents for consumption, which deserve more attention in future epidemiological studies. Leptospirosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Rodents are believed to be the main reservoirs of Leptospira, yet little epidemiological research has been conducted on rodents from Southeast Asia. Previous studies suggest that activities which place humans in microenvironments shared by rodents increase the probability of contracting leptospirosis. We therefore investigated the circulation of leptospiral species and strains in rodent communities and human populations in seven localities scattered throughout Southeast Asia; in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. Molecular typing assays were used to characterize leptospiral species and strains in both rodents and humans, which demonstrated common strains between humans and rodents. Additionally, we observed that the two most abundant leptospiral species; L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, have different habitat requirements, which supposes different modes of transmission. Lastly, in Southeast Asia, the risk of leptospiral transmission to humans is not solely limited to wetlands and rice paddy fields, but is also linked to forested areas, and activities such as the hunting and/or preparation of rodents for consumption.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cerqueira GM;McBride AJ;Hartskeerl RA;Ahmed N;Dellagostin OA;Eslabão MR;Nascimento AL
通讯作者：
Nascimento AL
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Benacer, Douadi;Zain, Siti Nursheena Mohd;Thong, Kwai Lin
通讯作者：
Thong, Kwai Lin
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Haake, DA;Chao, G;Bolin, CA
通讯作者：
Bolin, CA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Aplin KP;Suzuki H;Chinen AA;Chesser RT;Ten Have J;Donnellan SC;Austin J;Frost A;Gonzalez JP;Herbreteau V;Catzeflis F;Soubrier J;Fang YP;Robins J;Matisoo-Smith E;Bastos AD;Maryanto I;Sinaga MH;Denys C;Van Den Bussche RA;Conroy C;Rowe K;Cooper A
通讯作者：
Cooper A
两种基于多位点序列的钩端螺旋体基因分型方案的比较。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ahmed A;Thaipadungpanit J;Boonsilp S;Wuthiekanun V;Nalam K;Spratt BG;Aanensen DM;Smythe LD;Ahmed N;Feil EJ;Hartskeerl RA;Peacock SJ
通讯作者：
Peacock SJ