Nicotine levels, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking reduction success in real world use: A comparison of cigarette smokers and dual users of both cigarettes and E-cigarettes.
Nicotine levels, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking reduction success in real world use: A comparison of cigarette smokers and dual users of both cigarettes and E-cigarettes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.041
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Baker, Timothy B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jorenby, Douglas E.;Smith, Stevens S.;Fiore, Michael C.;Baker, Timothy B.
评估有经验的双重使用者在实际使用中以及在不同香烟可得性水平下如何使用香烟和电子烟。双重使用者（香烟+电子烟，n=74）和只吸烟组（只吸烟，n=74）参与了一项为期26天的研究，其中有两个随机使用间隔，一周减少75%的吸烟量，三天减少100%的吸烟量。在免费使用电子烟一周后，所有参与者都被要求减少75%的吸烟量（双用户可以自由使用他们的电子烟），然后是另一周的免费使用。然后，所有参与者被要求在三天内100%戒烟。主要终点是生物样本（一氧化碳、尿尼古丁和可替宁）。参与者还使用智能手机应用程序提供了产品使用、渴望和戒断症状的实时报告。双重用户在即兴发挥期间的吸烟量并不比只吸烟的参与者少，但在减少吸烟期间，他们使用电子烟的次数增加了四倍。双用户更有可能保持100%的降低（97.1%对81.2%）。在女性中，双重使用与较高的尼古丁水平和戒断抑制有关。在一组有经验的双重使用者中，电子烟有助于减少吸烟并减轻一些戒断症状，尽管戒断症状和尼古丁水平因性别而异。
To evaluate how experienced dual users used cigarettes and e-cigarettes in real-world use and under different levels of cigarette availability. Dual users (cigarettes + e-cigarettes; n=74) and a smoke-only group (just cigarettes; n=74) engaged in a 26-day study with two ad lib use intervals, a week of 75% cigarette reduction and three days of 100% cigarette reduction. After a week of ad lib use of products, all participants were asked to reduce smoking by 75% (dual users were free to use their e-cigarettes as they wished), followed by another week of ad lib use. All participants were then asked to reduce smoking by 100% (cessation) for three days. Primary outcomes were biological samples (carbon monoxide, urinary nicotine and cotinine). Participants also provided real-time reports of product use, craving, and withdrawal symptoms using a smartphone app. Dual users did not smoke fewer cigarettes than smoke-only participants during ad lib periods, but quadrupled their use of e-cigarettes during smoking reduction periods. Dual users were significantly more likely to maintain 100% reduction (97.1% vs. 81.2%). Amongst women, dual use was associated with higher nicotine levels and withdrawal suppression. Among a group of experienced dual users, e-cigarettes helped maintain smoking reduction and reduced some withdrawal symptoms, although both withdrawal symptoms and nicotine levels varied as a function of gender.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Caponnetto P;Campagna D;Cibella F;Morjaria JB;Caruso M;Russo C;Polosa R
通讯作者：
Polosa R
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Grace, Randolph C.;Kivell, Bronwyn M.;Laugesen, Murray
通讯作者：
Laugesen, Murray
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntu191
发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
影响因子：
--
作者：
King BA;Patel R;Nguyen KH;Dube SR
通讯作者：
Dube SR
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bullen, C.;McRobbie, H.;Laugesen, M.
通讯作者：
Laugesen, M.
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Bullen, Christopher;Howe, Colin;Walker, Natalie
通讯作者：
Walker, Natalie