Between nation and empire: how the state matters in global health

Between nation and empire: how the state matters in global health
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国家与帝国之间:国家在全球健康中的重要性

DOI:
10.1017/lst.2022.48
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Harrington J
Harrington J
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harrington J

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在全球卫生学术研究中,国家的作用一直被低估。从历史的角度来看,本文认为国家机构、实践和意识形态实际上对实现当代全球卫生治理及其前任政权至关重要。借鉴国家理论、治理工作和第三世界的国际法方法,本书追溯了晚期殖民发展主义中“健康国家”的起源,这种发展主义为欧洲帝国的臣民提供了有条件的独立前景。卫生方面的进步也是全球南方国家民族主义政府的一个关键目标,它们寻求作为新国际经济秩序的一部分自主实现这一目标。1980年代对全球北方主导地位的挑战的失败导致了卫生领域“全球治理”的兴起。后者并没有使国家变得多余,而是通过在国家层面上对机构进行合作和约束来实现的。在这种程度上,当前的秩序具有明显的帝国主义特征,削弱了其宣称的世界主义愿望,Covid-19大流行期间疫苗分发和旅行禁令的做法就是明证。
The role of the state has been underplayed in scholarship on global health. Taking a historical view, this paper argues that state institutions, practices and ideologies have in fact been crucial to the realisation of contemporary global health governance and to its predecessor regimes. Drawing on state theory, work on governmentality, and Third World approaches to international law, it traces the origins of the ‘health state’ in late colonial developmentalism, which held out the prospect of conditional independence for the subjects of European empires. Progress in health was also a key goal for nationalist governments in the Global South, one which they sought to realise autonomously as part of a New International Economic Order. The defeat of that challenge to the dominance of the Global North in the 1980s led to the rise of ‘global governance’ in health. Far from rendering the state redundant, the latter was realised through the co-option and disciplining of institutions at national level. To that extent, the current order has an unmistakably imperial character, one which undercuts its declared cosmopolitan aspirations, as evidenced in the approach to vaccine distribution and travel bans during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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