Review: New feeds and new feeding systems in intensive and semi-intensive forage-fed ruminant livestock systems.
Review: New feeds and new feeding systems in intensive and semi-intensive forage-fed ruminant livestock systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.animal.2021.100297
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fraser MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moorby JM;Fraser MD
反刍牲畜对温室气体和其他污染物排放的贡献已有详细记录，并受到政策和公众的广泛关注。与此同时，畜牧业生产继续在为许多人提供营养丰富的食品方面发挥重要作用，特别是在欠发达国家。它们还提供了一种方法来处理人类无法消化的植物，例如草，可以转化为人类可食用的蛋白质。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了通过新的饲料和饲养系统改善反刍家畜营养捕获的机会，重点是集约化和半集约化系统，我们将其定义为那些为动物提供经过设计和管理以尽可能有效利用的饮食的系统。我们考虑量化效率的替代指标，同时考虑各种规模的资源使用情况。强调了提高个体动物和生产系统的性能和效率的机制。然后，我们继续将这些映射到饲料和饲喂系统的潜在变化。特别关注提高氮的利用效率和减少肠道甲烷的产生。使用本土作物或昆虫和大型藻类等新型饲料作为关键氨基酸的替代来源并减少对不可持续种植的大豆的依赖具有巨大的潜力。最后，我们强调气候变化可能在多大程度上影响以饲料为基础的牲畜生产，以及开始制定适当的适应战略的必要性。
The contributions that ruminant livestock make to greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions are well documented and of considerable policy and public concern. At the same time, livestock production continues to play an important role in providing nutrient-rich foodstuffs for many people, particularly in less developed countries. They also offer a means by which plants that cannot be digested by humans, e.g. grass, can be converted into human-edible protein. In this review, we consider opportunities to improve nutrient capture by ruminant livestock through new feeds and feeding systems concentrating on intensive and semi-intensive systems, which we define as those in which animals are given diets that are designed and managed to be used as efficiently as possible. We consider alternative metrics for quantifying efficiency, taking into account resource use at a range of scales. Mechanisms for improving the performance and efficiencies of both individual animals and production systems are highlighted. We then go on to map these to potential changes in feeds and feeding systems. Particular attention is given to improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing enteric methane production. There is significant potential for the use of home-grown crops or novel feedstuffs such as insects and macroalgae to act as alternative sources of key amino acids and reduce reliance on unsustainably grown soybeans. We conclude by highlighting the extent to which climate change could impact forage-based livestock production and the need to begin work on developing appropriate adaptation strategies.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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