A novel 13 base pair insertion in the sonic hedgehog ZRS limb enhancer (ZRS/LMBR1) causes preaxial polydactyly with triphalangeal thumb.

A novel 13 base pair insertion in the sonic hedgehog ZRS limb enhancer (ZRS/LMBR1) causes preaxial polydactyly with triphalangeal thumb.
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DOI:
10.1002/humu.22097
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发表时间:
2012-07
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Nordgren, Ann
Nordgren, Ann
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laurell, Tobias;VanderMeer, Julia E.;Wenger, Aaron M.;Grigelioniene, Giedre;Nordenskjold, Agneta;Arner, Marianne;Ekblom, Anna Gerber;Bejerano, Gill;Ahituv, Nadav;Nordgren, Ann

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Sonic Hedgehog肢体增强器是极化活性调控序列(LMBR1,通常称为ZRS)的区域,它的突变会导致肢体畸形。在人类中,根据肢体的表型,已经提出了三种类型的突变:整个区域的单碱基变化导致轴前多指,一个特定部位的单碱基变化导致Werner中髓综合征,大重复导致多并指。这项研究提出了一种新的突变--一个小插入。在一个常染色体显性遗传性轴前多指畸形的瑞典家系中,我们发现ZRS内插入了一个13个碱基对,ZRS603ins13(NG-009240.1:g.106934_106935ins13)。计算转录因子结合位点的预测表明,该插入创建了新的结合位点,而小鼠增强子实验表明,该插入导致异位基因表达。这项研究是第一次发现增强子中的一个小插入会导致人类肢体畸形,并提出了一种可能的机制,可以解释这种突变引起的异位表达。
Mutations in the Sonic Hedgehog limb enhancer, the zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (LMBR1, commonly called the ZRS), cause limb malformations. In humans, three classes of mutations have been proposed based on the limb phenotype; single base changes throughout the region cause preaxial polydactyly, single base changes at one specific site cause Werner mesomelic syndrome and large duplications cause polysyndactyly. This study presents a novel mutation– a small insertion. In a Swedish family with autosomal dominant preaxial polydactyly, we found a 13 base pair insertion within the ZRS, ZRS603ins13 (NG-009240.1:g.106934_106935ins13). Computational transcription factor binding site predictions suggest that this insertion creates new binding sites and a mouse enhancer assay shows that this insertion causes ectopic gene expression. This study is the first to discover a small insertion in an enhancer that causes a human limb malformation and suggests a potential mechanism that could explain the ectopic expression caused by this mutation.
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