Shoulder Muscle Architecture in the Echidna (Monotremata: Tachyglossus aculeatus) Indicates Conserved Functional Properties

Shoulder Muscle Architecture in the Echidna (Monotremata: Tachyglossus aculeatus) Indicates Conserved Functional Properties
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针鼹(Monotremata:Tachyglossus aculeatus)的肩部肌肉结构表明了保守的功能特性

DOI:
10.1007/s10914-020-09498-6
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Pierce, Stephanie E.
Pierce, Stephanie E.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Regnault, Sophie;Fahn-Lai, Philip;Norris, Rachel M.;Pierce, Stephanie E.

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单孔目动物是一组产卵哺乳动物,具有马赛克的祖先和派生的解剖特征。尽管从系统发育、形态学和生态学的角度对单孔类动物有很大的兴趣,但它们的生物力学研究相对较少。在这项研究中,我们研究了肩和近端前肢肌肉的解剖结构和结构的短喙针鼹,Tachyglossus aculeatus,通过对比增强计算机断层扫描和大体解剖。肌肉结构是肌肉功能的主要决定因素,并且可以指示专门的肌肉作用,例如产生大的力(通过大的生理横截面积,PCSA)或工作范围(通过长的肌束长度)的能力。我们假设,一些肌肉会表现出建筑专业收敛与其他fossorial和/或蔓延的动物,而其他肌肉将反映针鼹鼠的不寻常的解剖和运动风格。相反,我们发现针鼹的肩部和近端前肢肌肉在结构上几乎没有变化。肌肉通常具有长的肌束和小到中等的PCSA,这与在广泛的工作范围内产生的力一致。此外,肌肉并没有表现出明显的差异,在therian哺乳动物,已被链接到增加前肢的流动性和过渡,从蔓延到parasperous姿势的架构。我们对建筑差异的测量将针鼹与泰古蜥蜴比其他蔓延的穴居哺乳动物更接近(例如,摩尔)。针鼹鼠的肩部和前肢近端肌肉的低结构多样性被解释为缺乏功能专业化到不同的角色。我们希望我们的研究将有助于更好地了解单孔目动物的解剖和生物力学功能,并重建哺乳动物的肌肉骨骼进化。
Monotremes are a group of egg-laying mammals, possessing a mosaic of ancestral and derived anatomical features. Despite much interest in monotremes from phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological perspectives, they have been the subject of relatively few biomechanical studies. In this study, we examined shoulder and proximal forelimb muscle anatomy and architecture in the short-beaked echidna,Tachyglossus aculeatus, through contrast-enhanced computed tomography and gross dissection. Muscle architecture is a major determinant of muscle function and can indicate specialized muscle roles, such as the capacity for generating large forces (through large physiological cross-sectional area, PCSA) or working ranges (through long fascicle lengths). We hypothesized that some muscles would exhibit architectural specializations convergent with other fossorial and/or sprawling animals, and that other muscles would reflect the echidna’s unusual anatomy and locomotor style. Instead, we found the shoulder and proximal forelimb muscles in echidna to have little variation in their architecture. The muscles generally had long fascicles and small-to-intermediate PCSAs, consistent with force production over a wide working range. Further, muscles did not show overt differences in architecture that, in therian mammals, have been linked to increased forelimb mobility and the transition from sprawling to parasagittal posture. Our measures of architectural disparity placed the echidna closer to the tegu lizard than other sprawling fossorial mammals (e.g., mole). The low architectural diversity found in the echidna’s shoulder and proximal forelimb muscles is interpreted as a lack of functional specialization into distinct roles. We hope our study will contribute to greater understanding of monotreme anatomy and biomechanical function, and to the reconstruction of musculoskeletal evolution in mammals.
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