Does positivity operate when the stakes are high? Health status and decision making among older adults.
Does positivity operate when the stakes are high? Health status and decision making among older adults.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0039121
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Carstensen, Laura L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
English, Tammy;Carstensen, Laura L.
研究和理论表明，随着年龄的增长，情感目标越来越受到重视。相关的实证研究表明，与年轻人相比，老年人更多地关注和记住积极信息而非消极信息。在明确要求对积极信息和消极信息都进行处理的实验中，这种与年龄相关的积极效应消失了。在本研究中，我们探讨了当所审视的材料对个人具有相关性时，对积极信息相对于消极信息的偏好是否会降低。健康状况从差到非常好的老年参与者在对与健康相关和与健康无关的问题做出决策之前，会先审阅书面材料。正如所预测的那样，健康状况相对较差的老年人（与健康状况相对较好的老年人相比）在做出与健康相关的决策时，在信息审阅中表现出的积极性较低。相比之下，在做出与健康无关的决策时，无论健康状况如何，都表现出积极性。在不同的决策情境中，那些更关注积极信息而非消极信息的人报告说，决策后的情绪更好，对决策的满意度更高。研究结果与理论观点一致，即与年龄相关的积极效应反映了目标导向的认知加工，并且进一步表明，个人相关性和情境因素决定了积极效应是否会出现。
Research and theory suggest that emotional goals are increasingly prioritized with age. Related empirical work has shown that, compared to younger adults, older adults attend to and remember positive information more than negative information. This age-related positivity effect has been eliminated in experiments that have explicitly demanded processing of both positive and negative information. In the present study, we explored whether a reduction of the preference for positive information over negative information appears when the material being reviewed holds personal relevance for the individual. Older participants whose health varied from poor to very good reviewed written material prior to making decisions about health related and non-health related issues. As predicted, older adults in relatively poor health (compared with those in relatively good health) showed less positivity in review of information while making health-related decisions. In contrast, positivity emerged regardless of health status for decisions that were unrelated to health. Across decision contexts, those individuals who focused more on positive information than negative information reported better post-decisional mood and greater decision satisfaction. Results are consistent with the theoretical argument that the age-related positivity effect reflects goal-directed cognitive processing and, furthermore, suggests that personal relevance and contextual factors determine whether or not positivity emerges.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691611424750
发表时间：
2012-01
期刊：
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
--
作者：
Isaacowitz DM;Blanchard-Fields F
通讯作者：
Blanchard-Fields F
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kim, Sunghan;Healey, M. Karl;Wiprzycka, Ursula J.
通讯作者：
Wiprzycka, Ursula J.
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbs108
发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Queen, Tara L.;Ennis, Gilda E.
通讯作者：
Ennis, Gilda E.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
CARSTENSEN, LL
通讯作者：
CARSTENSEN, LL
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Mikels, Joseph A.;Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.;Maglio, Sam J.;Carstensen, Laura L.;Goldstein, Mary K.;Garber, Alan
通讯作者：
Garber, Alan