An ancient Turing-like patterning mechanism regulates skin denticle development in sharks.

An ancient Turing-like patterning mechanism regulates skin denticle development in sharks.
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古老的图灵般的图案机制调节鲨鱼的皮肤牙齿发育。

DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.aau5484
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发表时间:
2018-11
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Fraser GJ
Fraser GJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cooper RL;Thiery AP;Fletcher AG;Delbarre DJ;Rasch LJ;Fraser GJ

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从鲨鱼的小齿到鸟类的羽毛,各种皮肤附属物都是通过保守且古老的图灵图案机制发育而成的。脊椎动物有大量的上皮附属物,包括鳞片、羽毛和毛发。这些不同结构的发展模式可以通过艾伦图灵的反应扩散系统从理论上解释。然而,人们对这一系统在早期分化谱系(与四足动物相比)(例如软骨鱼类)的上皮附属物模式中的作用知之甚少。我们研究了鲨鱼独特的齿状皮肤小齿的图案,这与它们的流体动力学和保护功能密切相关。我们通过模拟模型证明,类图灵机制可以解释鲨鱼的齿状图案,并使用基因表达分析和基因通路抑制实验验证该系统。这种机制与鸟类羽毛图案具有显着的相似性,表明该系统具有深刻的同源性。我们认为,从鲨鱼的小齿到鸟类的羽毛和哺乳动物的毛发,各种各样的脊椎动物附属物都使用这种古老而保守的系统,轻微的基因调节导致了图案的广泛变化。
Diverse skin appendages, from shark denticles to bird feathers, develop via a conserved and ancient Turing patterning mechanism. Vertebrates have a vast array of epithelial appendages, including scales, feathers, and hair. The developmental patterning of these diverse structures can be theoretically explained by Alan Turing’s reaction-diffusion system. However, the role of this system in epithelial appendage patterning of early diverging lineages (compared to tetrapods), such as the cartilaginous fishes, is poorly understood. We investigate patterning of the unique tooth-like skin denticles of sharks, which closely relates to their hydrodynamic and protective functions. We demonstrate through simulation models that a Turing-like mechanism can explain shark denticle patterning and verify this system using gene expression analysis and gene pathway inhibition experiments. This mechanism bears remarkable similarity to avian feather patterning, suggesting deep homology of the system. We propose that a diverse range of vertebrate appendages, from shark denticles to avian feathers and mammalian hair, use this ancient and conserved system, with slight genetic modulation accounting for broad variations in patterning.
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