Degeneracy as a substrate for respiratory regulation.
Degeneracy as a substrate for respiratory regulation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.013
复制
发表时间：
2010-06-30
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mellen, Nicholas M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mellen, Nicholas M.
最近的体内和体外研究表明，呼吸节律发生及其中枢化学感觉调节都是由多个机制上和/或解剖学上不同的网络产生的，这些网络的输出是相似的。这些观察结果与简并性一致，简并性被定义为结构上不同的元素产生相似功能的能力。这篇综述认为，退化是呼吸网络的一个基本特征，确保了个体生物在发展过程中的生存，并解释了呼吸生物力学在进化过程中的转变。在更快的时间尺度上，呼吸必须持续快速地适应代谢需求和环境条件的变化，以维持血气稳态。将内稳态形式化的控制理论明确地指出，只有高增益才能实现快速响应，但高增益是以不稳定为代价的。表现出高度优化耐受性（HOT）的稳态系统通过结合提供保护以抵御预期扰动的调节机制来减轻高增益带来的不稳定性，但这些系统在应对罕见事件时仍然脆弱，容易发生灾难性故障。由于推测介导呼吸节律发生和化学感觉的多种机制具有不同的活动范围和对调节输入的反应，因此它们为呼吸调节提供了比任何单一机制更丰富的基础。呼吸虽然强健，但对罕见的扰动仍然很脆弱，这与HOT的一个关键特征相匹配。这些观察结果支持退化为呼吸调节提供底物的结论，并且由此产生的调节系统符合HOT。
Recent studies in vivo and in vitro suggest that both respiratory rhythmogenesis and its central chemosensory modulation arise from multiple, mechanistically and/or anatomically distinct networks whose outputs are similar. These observations are consistent with degeneracy, defined as the ability of structurally distinct elements to generate similar function. This review argues that degeneracy is an essential feature of respiratory networks, ensuring the survival of the individual organism over the course of development, and accounting for the transformation of respiratory biomechanics over evolutionary time. At faster timescales, respiration must adapt continuously and rapidly to changes in metabolic demand and ambient conditions to maintain blood-gas homeostasis. Control theory, which formalizes homeostasis, states axiomatically that rapid responsiveness can only be achieved with high gain, but high gain comes at the cost of instability. Homeostatic systems displaying highly optimized tolerance (HOT) mitigate the instability accompanying high gain by incorporating regulatory mechanisms that provide protection against expected perturbations, yet these systems remain fragile to catastrophic failure in response to rare events. Because the multiple mechanisms that are conjectured to mediate respiratory rhythmogenesis and chemosensation have distinct ranges of activity and responses to modulatory input, they provide a richer substrate for respiratory regulation than than those of any single mechanism. Respiration, though robust, remains fragile to rare perturbations, matching a key feature of HOT. These observations support the conclusion that degeneracy provides the substrate for respiratory regulation, and that the resulting regulatory system conforms to HOT.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Abdala, A. P. L.;Rybak, I. A.;Paton, J. F. R.
通讯作者：
Paton, J. F. R.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
GANS, C;DEJONGH, HJ;FARBER, J
通讯作者：
FARBER, J
影响因子：
25
作者：
Bradley, SR;Pieribone, VA;Richerson, GB
通讯作者：
Richerson, GB
DOI：
10.1016/s0034-5687(01)00288-2
发表时间：
2001-12-01
期刊：
RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bayliss, DA;Talley, EM;Lei, QB
通讯作者：
Lei, QB
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.231499798
发表时间：
2001-11-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Edelman, GM;Gally, JA
通讯作者：
Gally, JA