Circadian misalignment affects sleep and medication use before and during spaceflight.
Circadian misalignment affects sleep and medication use before and during spaceflight.
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DOI：
10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.19
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Czeisler CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flynn-Evans EE;Barger LK;Kubey AA;Sullivan JP;Czeisler CA
睡眠不足和使用促进睡眠的药物在航天飞行中很普遍。手术经常要求在生物学夜晚工作，在生物学白天睡觉，这导致了昼夜节律失调。我们调查了昼夜节律失调是否与国际空间站（ISS）上的太空飞行任务之前（飞行前）和期间的不良睡眠结果有关。21名宇航员在国际空间站上进行了3，248天的长期航天飞行，并在发射前11天（n=231天）收集了活动记录仪和测光数据。在飞行中每3周收集一次睡眠日志，在地球上每天收集一次，用于确定药物使用和睡眠质量的主观评分。使用昼夜节律性能模拟软件处理体动仪和光度测定数据，以计算估计的内源性昼夜节律温度最低值。睡眠发作被分类为对齐或失调相对于估计的内源性昼夜节律温度最低。根据数据收集间隔（飞行前，飞行）和昼夜节律调整状态计算重复测量的混合效应回归模型。估计内源性昼夜节律温度最低值发生在飞行前13%的睡眠事件和19%的睡眠事件在太空飞行期间的睡眠事件。在国际空间站低地球轨道上的平均睡眠时间为6.4±1.2小时在对齐和5.4±1.4小时在不对齐的睡眠发作（P<0.01）。在对齐睡眠期间，宇航员的睡眠质量明显优于不对齐睡眠期间（66.8±17.7 vs. 60.2±21.0，P<0.01）。睡眠失调时促进睡眠药物的使用率（24%）显著高于睡眠正常时（11%）（P<0.01）。在睡眠事件不一致的日子里，任何药物的使用率（63%）显著高于睡眠事件一致的日子（49%; P<0.01）。昼夜节律失调与睡眠不足和航天期间药物使用增加有关。这些发现表明，迫切需要部署和评估有效的对策，以尽量减少昼夜节律失调和随后的不良睡眠结果之前和期间的航天飞行。
Sleep deficiency and the use of sleep-promoting medication are prevalent during spaceflight. Operations frequently dictate work during the biological night and sleep during the biological day, which contribute to circadian misalignment. We investigated whether circadian misalignment was associated with adverse sleep outcomes before (preflight) and during spaceflight missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Actigraphy and photometry data for 21 astronauts were collected over 3,248 days of long-duration spaceflight on the ISS and 11 days prior to launch (n=231 days). Sleep logs, collected one out of every 3 weeks in flight and daily on Earth, were used to determine medication use and subjective ratings of sleep quality. Actigraphy and photometry data were processed using Circadian Performance Simulation Software to calculate the estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum. Sleep episodes were classified as aligned or misaligned relative to the estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum. Mixed-effects regression models accounting for repeated measures were computed by data collection interval (preflight, flight) and circadian alignment status. The estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum occurred outside sleep episodes on 13% of sleep episodes during preflight and on 19% of sleep episodes during spaceflight. The mean sleep duration in low-Earth orbit on the ISS was 6.4±1.2 h during aligned and 5.4±1.4 h (P<0.01) during misaligned sleep episodes. During aligned sleep episodes, astronauts rated their sleep quality as significantly better than during misaligned sleep episodes (66.8±17.7 vs. 60.2±21.0, P<0.01). Sleep-promoting medication use was significantly higher during misaligned (24%) compared with aligned (11%) sleep episodes (P<0.01). Use of any medication was significantly higher on days when sleep episodes were misaligned (63%) compared with when sleep episodes were aligned (49%; P<0.01). Circadian misalignment is associated with sleep deficiency and increased medication use during spaceflight. These findings suggest that there is an immediate need to deploy and assess effective countermeasures to minimize circadian misalignment and consequent adverse sleep outcomes both before and during spaceflight.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1212646110
发表时间：
2013-02-12
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Basner, Mathias;Dinges, David F.;Sutton, Jeffrey P.
通讯作者：
Sutton, Jeffrey P.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0702835104
发表时间：
2007-05-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gronfier, Claude;Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.;Czeisler, Charles A.
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A.
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.r1647
发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Dijk, DJ;Neri, DF;Czeisler, CA
通讯作者：
Czeisler, CA
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Jewett, ME;Forger, DB;Kronauer, RE
通讯作者：
Kronauer, RE
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Jewett, ME;Kronauer, RE
通讯作者：
Kronauer, RE