Pulmonary infection with influenza A virus induces site-specific germinal center and T follicular helper cell responses.

Pulmonary infection with influenza A virus induces site-specific germinal center and T follicular helper cell responses.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0040733
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Waldschmidt TJ
Waldschmidt TJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boyden AW;Legge KL;Waldschmidt TJ

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抵御甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 攻击需要来自长寿命记忆 B 细胞和浆细胞的转换、高亲和力抗体。这些 B 细胞亚群在生发中心 (GC) 中生成,生发中心是 T 辅助细胞驱动的 B 细胞免疫的标志结构。目前尚缺乏对呼吸道 IAV 感染后 GC 反应的全面了解,以及支持 GC 的滤泡辅助 T (TFH) 细胞的特征。在此,研究了 IAV 肺部攻击后小鼠的 GC B 细胞和 TFH 细胞反应。在引流淋巴结 (dLN)、肺、脾和鼻相关淋巴组织 (NALT) 中诱导显着的 GC 反应,尽管反应的幅度和动力学具有部位特异性。对 GC 内转换的检查表明 IgG2+ 细胞在 dLN、肺和脾中构成最大部分。 IgA+ GC B 细胞在这些位点中并不常见,但构成了 NALT 中转换的 GC 群体的一个重要子集。进一步的实验表明,脾脏切除的小鼠能够承受致命的回忆挑战,这表明尽管脾脏有强烈的GC反应,但它对于长期保护来说并不是必需的。最终研究表明,TFH 细胞数量在 dLN 和脾脏中最高,并且在 GC 反应达到高峰之前在所有部位达到峰值。从 dLN 纯化的 TFH 细胞在激活后产生 IL-21 和 IFNγ,尽管 CD4+CXCR5− T 效应细胞产生更高水平的所有细胞因子。总的来说,这些发现表明呼吸道 IAV 感染会在各个器官中诱导 T 辅助细胞驱动的 B 细胞强烈反应,每个部位都显示出独特的属性。
Protection from influenza A virus (IAV) challenge requires switched, high affinity Abs derived from long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells. These B cell subsets are generated in germinal centers (GCs), hallmark structures of T helper cell-driven B cell immunity. A full understanding of the GC reaction after respiratory IAV infection is lacking, as is the characterization of T follicular helper (TFH) cells that support GCs. Here, GC B cell and TFH cell responses were studied in mice following pulmonary challenge with IAV. Marked GC reactions were induced in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), lung, spleen and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), although the magnitude and kinetics of the response was site-specific. Examination of switching within GCs demonstrated IgG2+ cells to compose the largest fraction in dLNs, lung and spleen. IgA+ GC B cells were infrequent in these sites, but composed a significant subset of the switched GC population in NALT. Further experiments demonstrated splenectomized mice to withstand a lethal recall challenge, suggesting the spleen to be unnecessary for long-term protection in spite of strong GC responses in this organ. Final studies showed that TFH cell numbers were highest in dLNs and spleen, and peaked in all sites prior to the height of the GC reaction. TFH cells purified from dLNs generated IL-21 and IFNγ upon activation, although CD4+CXCR5− T effector cells produced higher levels of all cytokines. Collectively, these findings reveal respiratory IAV infection to induce strong T helper cell-driven B cell responses in various organs, with each site displaying unique attributes.
树突状细胞对于维持流感病毒感染小鼠肺部的三级淋巴结构至关重要。
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