Application of Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharide, and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
Application of Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharide, and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
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壳聚糖、壳寡糖及其衍生物在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的应用
DOI：
10.3390/md15110322
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发表时间：
2017-11-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Song C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ouyang QQ;Zhao S;Li SD;Song C
阿尔茨海默病（AD）的经典假说包括胆碱能神经元死亡、乙酰胆碱（ACh）缺乏、金属离子动态平衡紊乱、淀粉样蛋白和tau沉积。越来越多的证据表明，神经炎症和氧化应激可能导致阿尔茨海默病。然而，这些因素都不是单独诱导AD的，但它们都与Aβ和tau蛋白的形成有关。目前基于乙酰胆碱缺乏的临床治疗只能暂时缓解症状，并伴有许多副作用。因此，寻找能够显著改善主要症状和逆转疾病进展的天然神经保护剂受到了人们的高度重视。目前，一些生物活性海产品在实验室研究中显示出神经保护、免疫调节和抗炎作用，且毒性低、副作用轻。近年来，壳聚糖（CTS）、壳寡糖（COS）及其衍生物从甲壳类动物的外骨骼和真菌的细胞壁中提取，显示出神经保护和抗氧化、抑制基质金属蛋白酶、抗hiv和抗炎等特性。关于AD的假说，CTS、COS及其衍生物在几种模型中对AD样变化的神经保护作用已被报道。CTS和COS通过抑制氧化应激和神经炎症对认知障碍有有益作用。它们也是一种新型的无毒β-分泌酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。作为神经保护剂，它们可以减轻铜离子对细胞膜的损伤，降低活性氧的含量。本文就其抗神经炎症、抗氧化、抑制β-淀粉样蛋白、乙酰胆碱酯酶和铜离子吸附等方面的研究进展作一综述。最后，对本文的局限性和未来的工作进行了讨论。
Classic hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include cholinergic neuron death, acetylcholine (ACh) deficiency, metal ion dynamic equilibrium disorder, and deposition of amyloid and tau. Increased evidence suggests neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may cause AD. However, none of these factors induces AD independently, but they are all associated with the formation of Aβ and tau proteins. Current clinical treatments based on ACh deficiency can only temporarily relieve symptoms, accompanied with many side-effects. Hence, searching for natural neuroprotective agents, which can significantly improve the major symptoms and reverse disease progress, have received great attention. Currently, several bioactive marine products have shown neuroprotective activities, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects with low toxicity and mild side effects in laboratory studies. Recently, chitosan (CTS), chitooligosaccharide (COS) and their derivatives from exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi have shown neuroprotective and antioxidative effects, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory properties. With regards to the hypotheses of AD, the neuroprotective effect of CTS, COS, and their derivatives on AD-like changes in several models have been reported. CTS and COS exert beneficial effects on cognitive impairments via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. They are also a new type of non-toxic β-secretase and AChE inhibitor. As neuroprotective agents, they could reduce the cell membrane damage caused by copper ions and decrease the content of reactive oxygen species. This review will focus on their anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidants and their inhibition of β-amyloid, acetylcholinesterase and copper ions adsorption. Finally, the limitations and future work will be discussed.
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules13092069
发表时间：
2008-09-03
期刊：
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
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影响因子：
2.3
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
PHYSIOLOGICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY
影响因子：
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作者：
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