Epstein-Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update.

Epstein-Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update.
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DOI:
10.3389/fonc.2018.00211
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Nasrallah GK
Nasrallah GK
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smatti MK;Al-Sadeq DW;Ali NH;Pintus G;Abou-Saleh H;Nasrallah GK

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爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 是一种 DNA 嗜淋巴细胞疱疹病毒,也是传染性单核细胞增多症的病原体。 EBV 非常普遍,因为它影响全世界 90% 以上的人,并且与多种恶性肿瘤有关,包括 PTLD,这是移植后最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在所有EBV基因中,最近的大部分研究集中在研究LMP-1癌基因,因为它具有高度的多态性并且与致瘤活性相关。 EBV 有两种主要基因型:1 型和 2 型,通过 EBNA-2 基因的差异进行区分。通过分析 LMP-1 基因变异可以进一步表征亚基因分型。该病毒主要通过口腔分泌物传播,并以潜伏感染形式持续存在于人类 B 细胞中。然而,它可以通过器官移植和输血传播。此外,EBV感染的症状与其他病毒感染没有区别,因此,输血前是否需要筛查EBV仍然存在疑问。尽管白细胞减少过程减少了白细胞中存在的病毒拷贝,但它并不能消除通过血液制品传播 EBV 的风险。在这里,我们对 EBV 流行病学和癌基因 LMP-1 的遗传变异性进行了回顾。然后,我们强调最近在献血者中进行的 EBV 血清流行率和病毒血症研究结果,作为一种高度流行的输血传播肿瘤病毒。
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA lymphotropic herpesvirus and the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. EBV is highly prevalent since it affects more than 90% of individuals worldwide and has been linked to several malignancies including PTLDs, which are one of the most common malignancies following transplantation. Among all the EBV genes, most of the recent investigations focused on studying the LMP-1 oncogene because of its high degree of polymorphism and association with tumorigenic activity. There are two main EBV genotypes, Type 1 and 2, distinguished by the differences in the EBNA-2 gene. Further sub genotyping can be characterized by analyzing the LMP-1 gene variation. The virus primarily transmits through oral secretions and persists as a latent infection in human B-cells. However, it can be transmitted through organ transplantations and blood transfusions. In addition, symptoms of EBV infection are not distinguishable from other viral infections, and therefore, it remains questionable whether there is a need to screen for EBV prior to blood transfusion. Although the process of leukoreduction decreases the viral copies present in the leukocytes, it does not eliminate the risk of EBV transmission through blood products. Here, we provide a review of the EBV epidemiology and the genetic variability of the oncogene LMP-1. Then, we underscore the findings of recent EBV seroprevalence and viremia studies among blood donors as a highly prevalent transfusion transmissible oncovirus.
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