Population genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation in Baltic Sea three-spined sticklebacks.
Population genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation in Baltic Sea three-spined sticklebacks.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12915-015-0130-8
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发表时间：
2015-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Merilä J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo B;DeFaveri J;Sotelo G;Nair A;Merilä J
经历高水平的基因流的人群之间的遗传分化程度预计将是低的中性基因组位点，但大量的分歧可以发生在网站定向选择。高移动的海洋鱼类种群的研究提供了一个机会，调查这种异质性的基因组分化，但大多数研究都集中在相对较低数量的遗传标记和/或少数人口。因此，在高基因流海洋鱼类种群的基因组分歧的模式和程度仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了分布在波罗的海陡峭的盐度和温度梯度上的10个三棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）海洋种群的遗传变异和分化的全基因组模式，通过使用合并的RAD-seq方法获得的> 30，000个单核苷酸多态性。我们发现，基因组的遗传多样性和分化差异很大，并确定了许多相当狭窄的基因组区域表现出分歧和平衡选择的签名。发现了与盐度和温度梯度相关的大量遗传分化的证据，并确定了与波罗的海当地适应相关的许多候选基因。波罗的海刺鱼的遗传多样性和分化的模式，以及与适应相关的候选基因，在海洋和淡水种群之间的早期比较中观察到的相似，这表明类似的过程可能是驱动适应咸水和淡水环境。两者合计，我们的研究结果提供了强有力的证据，异质基因组趋异驱动的地方适应基因流沿着在冰川后形成的波罗的海的环境梯度。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12915-015-0130-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The degree of genetic differentiation among populations experiencing high levels of gene flow is expected to be low for neutral genomic sites, but substantial divergence can occur in sites subject to directional selection. Studies of highly mobile marine fish populations provide an opportunity to investigate this kind of heterogeneous genomic differentiation, but most studies to this effect have focused on a relatively low number of genetic markers and/or few populations. Hence, the patterns and extent of genomic divergence in high-gene-flow marine fish populations remain poorly understood. We here investigated genome-wide patterns of genetic variability and differentiation in ten marine populations of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) distributed across a steep salinity and temperature gradient in the Baltic Sea, by utilizing >30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained with a pooled RAD-seq approach. We found that genetic diversity and differentiation varied widely across the genome, and identified numerous fairly narrow genomic regions exhibiting signatures of both divergent and balancing selection. Evidence was uncovered for substantial genetic differentiation associated with both salinity and temperature gradients, and many candidate genes associated with local adaptation in the Baltic Sea were identified. The patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as candidate genes associated with adaptation, in Baltic Sea sticklebacks were similar to those observed in earlier comparisons between marine and freshwater populations, suggesting that similar processes may be driving adaptation to brackish and freshwater environments. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for heterogenic genomic divergence driven by local adaptation in the face of gene flow along an environmental gradient in the post-glacially formed Baltic Sea. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0130-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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