Anticodon-like binding of the HIV-1 tRNA-like element to human lysyl-tRNA synthetase.

Anticodon-like binding of the HIV-1 tRNA-like element to human lysyl-tRNA synthetase.
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DOI:
10.1261/rna.058081.116
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发表时间:
2016-12
期刊:
RNA (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Musier-Forsyth K
Musier-Forsyth K
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu S;Comandur R;Jones CP;Tsang P;Musier-Forsyth K

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HIV-1 生命周期中的一个关键步骤涉及病毒基因组 RNA (gRNA) 的逆转录。人 tRNALys3 作为转录起始的引物,并在病毒颗粒中选择性富集。人赖氨酰-tRNA 合成酶 (hLysRS) 也被包装到病毒粒子中。最近,HIV-1 gRNA 中的 tRNA 样元件 (TLE) 被证明可以模拟整体 tRNA 折叠并与 hLysRS 竞争性结合,这表明 tRNA 靶向引物结合位点 (PBS) 并从合成酶中释放的机制。在这里,我们使用 NMR 来研究 hLysRS 反密码子结合域 (ACB) 与六种 RNA 寡核苷酸的结合,包括源自 HIV-1 gRNA TLE 的发夹。我们表明,ACB 与富含 U 的 RNA 寡核苷酸(tRNALys3 反密码子茎环 (ACSL)、WT TLE 和九核苷酸 U9)以亚微摩尔亲和力相互作用。相比之下,ACB 仅与两个 TLE 环突变体和一个 C9 九核苷酸微弱结合。每个 RNA 引起的 NMR 化学位移扰动表明 ACSL 和 WT TLE 都以惊人相似的方式与 ACB 相互作用。总而言之,这些发现支持这样的结论:HIV-1 基因组的 tRNA 模拟导致高度特异性的蛋白质-RNA 相互作用,从而促进逆转录之前 hLysRS 的引物有效释放。
A critical step in the HIV-1 lifecycle involves reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA (gRNA). Human tRNALys3 serves as a primer for transcription initiation and is selectively enriched in virus particles. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (hLysRS) is also packaged into virions. Recently, a tRNA-like element (TLE) within the HIV-1 gRNA was shown to mimic the global tRNA fold and bind competitively to hLysRS, suggesting a mechanism of tRNA targeting to the primer binding site (PBS) and release from the synthetase. Here, we use NMR to investigate hLysRS anticodon-binding domain (ACB) binding to six RNA oligonucleotides, including a hairpin derived from the HIV-1 gRNA TLE. We show that ACB interacts with submicromolar affinity to U-rich RNA oligonucleotides—the tRNALys3 anticodon stem–loop (ACSL), the WT TLE, and a nonanucleotide, U9. In contrast, the ACB bound only weakly to two TLE loop mutants and a C9 nonanucleotide. NMR chemical shift perturbations induced by each RNA indicate that the ACSL and the WT TLE both interact with the ACB in a strikingly similar manner. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that tRNA mimicry by the HIV-1 genome leads to a highly specific protein–RNA interaction that facilitates efficient primer release from hLysRS prior to reverse transcription.
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