Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates.
Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6804
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发表时间：
2004-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Calafat AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauser R;Duty S;Godfrey-Bailey L;Calafat AM
邻苯二甲酸盐是一组用于消费和个人护理产品、塑料和医疗设备的多功能化学品。实验室研究表明，一些邻苯二甲酸盐是生殖和发育毒物。最近，人体研究表明，在大多数美国普通人群中，几种邻苯二甲酸盐的含量可测量到。尽管邻苯二甲酸盐被广泛使用，并且有一致的毒理学数据，但关于人类接触邻苯二甲酸盐的来源和途径的信息有限。一个潜在的接触源是药物。对特定部位剂量药物的需求导致使用肠包膜，使有效成分释放到小肠或结肠中。肠溶涂层通常由含有增塑剂的各种聚合物组成，包括柠檬酸三乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）。在这篇文章中，我们报道了一名服用Asacol[活性成分美沙拉胺（美沙拉嗪）]治疗溃疡性结肠炎的患者的潜在DBP暴露源。在该患者开始服用Asacol 3个月后采集的尿样中，DBP代谢物邻苯二甲酸一丁酯浓度为16,868 ng/mL（6,180微g/g肌酐）。这一浓度比1999-2000年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）报告的男性第95百分位数高出两个数量级。患者尿中邻苯二甲酸一乙酯（443.7 ng/mL， 162.6微g/g肌酐）、邻苯二甲酸一乙己酯（3.0 ng/mL， 1.1微g/g肌酐）、邻苯二甲酸一苯二酯（9.3 ng/mL， 3.4微g/g肌酐）浓度与NHANES 1999-2000值比较无显著差异。在此报告之前，估计人类对DBP的最高暴露量比动物研究中未观察到的不良影响水平低两个数量级以上。需要进一步的研究来确定药物以及个人护理和消费产品对一个人的邻苯二甲酸盐总负担的比例贡献。
Phthalates are a group of multifunctional chemicals used in consumer and personal care products, plastics, and medical devices. Laboratory studies show that some phthalates are reproductive and developmental toxicants. Recently, human studies have shown measurable levels of several phthalates in most of the U.S. general population. Despite their widespread use and the consistent toxicologic data on phthalates, information is limited on sources and pathways of human exposure to phthalates. One potential source of exposure is medications. The need for site-specific dosage medications has led to the use of enteric coatings that allow the release of the active ingredients into the small intestine or in the colon. The enteric coatings generally consist of various polymers that contain plasticizers, including triethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, and phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). In this article we report on medications as a potential source of exposure to DBP in a man who took Asacol [active ingredient mesalamine (mesalazine)] for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. In a spot urine sample from this man collected 3 months after he started taking Asacol, the concentration of monobutyl phthalate, a DBP metabolite, was 16,868 ng/mL (6,180 micro g/g creatinine). This concentration was more than two orders of magnitude higher than the 95th percentile for males reported in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The patient's urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (443.7 ng/mL, 162.6 micro g/g creatinine), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (3.0 ng/mL, 1.1 micro g/g creatinine), and monobenzyl phthalate (9.3 ng/mL, 3.4 micro g/g creatinine) were unremarkable compared with the NHANES 1999-2000 values. Before this report, the highest estimated human exposure to DBP was more than two orders of magnitude lower than the no observable adverse effect level from animal studies. Further research is necessary to determine the proportional contribution of medications, as well as personal care and consumer products, to a person's total phthalate burden.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Duty, SM;Silva, MJ;Hauser, R
通讯作者：
Hauser, R
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Marvola, M;Nykänen, P;Autere, AM
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Autere, AM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
NASSBERGER, L;ARBIN, A;OSTELIUS, J
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OSTELIUS, J
影响因子：
3.3
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影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Blount, BC;Milgram, KE;Brock, JW
通讯作者：
Brock, JW