Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.

Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.
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同情心:进化分析和实证回顾。

DOI:
10.1037/a0018807
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发表时间:
2010-05
影响因子:
22.4
通讯作者:
Simon-Thomas, Emiliana
Simon-Thomas, Emiliana
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goetz, Jennifer L.;Keltner, Dacher;Simon-Thomas, Emiliana

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什么是同情心?它是如何演变的?在这篇综述中,我们整合了三个进化论论点,这些论点都集中在这样一个假设上,即同情心作为一种独特的情感体验进化而来,其主要功能是促进合作和保护弱者和受灾者。我们的经验回顾揭示了同情具有与不应得的痛苦相协调的不同的评估过程,与抚摸、姿势和发声的照顾模式相关的不同的信号行为,以及将个体定向到社会方法的现象学经验和生理反应。同情的这种反应轮廓与痛苦、悲伤和爱的反应不同,这表明同情确实是一种独特的情感。我们的结论是考虑同情如何塑造道德判断和行动,它如何在不同的文化中变化,它可能如何参与特定的神经激活模式,以及新兴的研究方向。
What is compassion? And how did it evolve? In this review, we integrate three evolutionary arguments that converge on the hypothesis that compassion evolved as a distinct affective experience whose primary function is to facilitate cooperation and protection of the weak and those who suffer. Our empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering, distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization, and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach. This response profile of compassion differs from those of distress, sadness, and love, suggesting that compassion is indeed a distinct emotion. We conclude by considering how compassion shapes moral judgment and action, how it varies across different cultures, and how it may engage specific patterns of neural activation, as well as emerging directions of research.
社会大脑:社会知识的神经基础。
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514
发表时间: 2009
影响因子: 24.8
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