Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.
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同情心:进化分析和实证回顾。
DOI:
10.1037/a0018807
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发表时间:
2010-05
影响因子:
22.4
通讯作者:
Simon-Thomas, Emiliana
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goetz, Jennifer L.;Keltner, Dacher;Simon-Thomas, Emiliana
What is compassion? And how did it evolve? In this review, we integrate three evolutionary arguments that converge on the hypothesis that compassion evolved as a distinct affective experience whose primary function is to facilitate cooperation and protection of the weak and those who suffer. Our empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering, distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization, and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach. This response profile of compassion differs from those of distress, sadness, and love, suggesting that compassion is indeed a distinct emotion. We conclude by considering how compassion shapes moral judgment and action, how it varies across different cultures, and how it may engage specific patterns of neural activation, as well as emerging directions of research.
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