Quantitative techniques for assessing and controlling the dispersion and biological effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mammalian tissue culture cells.
Quantitative techniques for assessing and controlling the dispersion and biological effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mammalian tissue culture cells.
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DOI：
10.1021/nn102112b
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发表时间：
2010-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Nel AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang X;Xia T;Ntim SA;Ji Z;George S;Meng H;Zhang H;Castranova V;Mitra S;Nel AE
体内研究表明，碳纳米管(CNT)的分散状态在产生不利的肺部效应中起着重要作用。然而，在开发可重复性和可量化的分散技术以进行体外机制研究方面所做的工作很少。本研究旨在评估多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)在组织培养介质中的分散性，特别强调了解控制团聚的作用力以及如何修改这些作用力。用疏水性指数、悬浮稳定性指数、附着效率和动态光散射等定量技术评价制备的(AP)、纯化(PD)和羧化(COOH)的MWCNT对支气管上皮细胞和成纤维细胞的凝聚和分散作用。我们发现疏水性是决定AP-和Pd-MWCNT在组织培养介质中团聚的主要因素，而离子强度是决定COOH-MWCNT悬浮性的主要因素。牛血清白蛋白(BSA)是多壁碳纳米管的有效分散剂，它提供了空间位阻和静电位阻，能够克服离子介质中的疏水结合和双电层形成的静电屏蔽。因此，BSA能够稳定所有的试管版本。二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)为AP-MWCNT在上皮生长介质(BEGM)中提供了额外的稳定性。而分散状态不影响细胞毒性，AP-和PD-MWCNT分散度的提高增加了上皮细胞转化生长因子-β-1的产生和成纤维细胞的增殖。综上所述，我们展示了在对分散对组织培养细胞的影响进行机制研究时，如何使用定量技术来评估多壁碳纳米管的团聚状态。
In vivo studies have demonstrated that the state of dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNT) plays an important role in generating adverse pulmonary effects. However, little has been done to develop reproducible and quantifiable dispersion techniques to conduct mechanistic studies in vitro. This study was to evaluate the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in tissue culture media, with particular emphasis on understanding the forces that govern agglomeration and how to modify these forces. Quantitative techniques such as hydrophobicity index, suspension stability index, attachment efficiency and dynamic light scattering were used to assess the effects of agglomeration and dispersion of as-prepared (AP), purified (PD) or carboxylated (COOH) MWCNT on bronchial epithelial and fibroblast cell lines. We found that hydrophobicity is the major factor determining AP- and PD-MWCNT agglomeration in tissue culture media but that the ionic strength is the main factor determining COOH-MWCNT suspendability. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was an effective dispersant for MWCNT, providing steric and electrosteric hindrance that are capable of overcoming hydrophobic attachment and the electrostatic screening of double layer formation in ionic media. Thus, BSA was capable of stabilizing all tube versions. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) provided additional stability for AP-MWCNT in epithelial growth medium (BEGM). While dispersion state did not affect cytotoxicity, improved dispersion of AP- and PD-MWCNT increased TGF-β1 production in epithelial cells and fibroblast proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate how quantitative techniques can be used to assess the agglomeration state of MWCNT when conducting mechanistic studies on the effects of dispersion on tissue culture cells.
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