From Osteoimmunology to Osteomicrobiology: How the Microbiota and the Immune System Regulate Bone.
From Osteoimmunology to Osteomicrobiology: How the Microbiota and the Immune System Regulate Bone.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00223-017-0321-0
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Pacifici R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsu E;Pacifici R
骨微生物学是指微生物群在骨骼健康中的作用以及微生物群调节出生后骨骼发育、骨老化和病理性骨丢失的机制。在这里，我们回顾了最近的报告，将肠道微生物群与骨表型的变化联系起来。在性类固醇激素缺乏等情况下，促炎细胞因子环境驱动骨吸收。免疫系统对微生物组激活的反应导致T细胞依赖性机制中循环破骨细胞生成细胞因子增加。此外，肠道微生物群通过营养吸收、IGF-1途径的介导以及短链脂肪酸和代谢产物影响骨稳态。通过益生元或益生菌操纵微生物群减少炎性细胞因子的产生，导致骨密度的变化。益生菌作用的一种机制是通过上调紧密连接蛋白，增加肠道上皮层的强度，并导致较少的抗原呈递和较少的肠道免疫细胞活化。因此，益生元或益生菌可能代表未来改善人类绝经后骨质流失风险的治疗途径。
Osteomicrobiology refers to the role of microbiota in bone health and the mechanisms by which the microbiota regulates post-natal skeletal development, bone aging and pathologic bone loss. Here, we review recent reports linking gut microbiota to changes in bone phenotype. A pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu drives bone resorption in conditions such as sex-steroid hormone deficiency. The response of the immune system to activation by the microbiome results in increased circulating osteoclastogenic cytokines in a T-cell dependent mechanism. Additionally, gut microbiota affect bone homeostasis through nutrient absorption, mediation of the IGF-1 pathway, and short chain fatty acid and metabolic products. Manipulation of microbiota through prebiotics or probiotics reduces inflammatory cytokine production, leading to changes in bone density. One mechanism of probiotic action is through upregulating tight junction proteins, increasing the strength of the gut epithelial layer and leading to less antigen presentation and less activation of intestinal immune cells. Thus, prebiotics or probiotics may represent a future therapeutic avenue for ameliorating the risk of post-menopausal bone loss in humans.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
DeSelm, Carl J.;Takahata, Yoshifumi;Warren, Julia;Chappel, Jean C.;Khan, Taimur;Li, Xiaoxia;Liu, Caini;Choi, Yongwon;Kim, Youngmi Faith;Zou, Wei;Teitelbaum, Steven L.
通讯作者：
Teitelbaum, Steven L.
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Britton, Robert A.;Irwin, Regina;Quach, Darin;Schaefer, Laura;Zhang, Jing;Lee, Taehyung;Parameswaran, Narayanan;McCabe, Laura R.
通讯作者：
McCabe, Laura R.
影响因子：
29
作者：
Donohoe DR;Garge N;Zhang X;Sun W;O'Connell TM;Bunger MK;Bultman SJ
通讯作者：
Bultman SJ
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Charles, Julia F.;Ermann, Joerg;Aliprantis, Antonios O.
通讯作者：
Aliprantis, Antonios O.
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Ammann, P;Rizzoli, R;Garcia, I
通讯作者：
Garcia, I