Structure, transcription, and variability of metazoan mitochondrial genome: perspectives from an unusual mitochondrial inheritance system.

Structure, transcription, and variability of metazoan mitochondrial genome: perspectives from an unusual mitochondrial inheritance system.
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DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evt112
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Passamonti M
Passamonti M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ghiselli F;Milani L;Guerra D;Chang PL;Breton S;Nuzhdin SV;Passamonti M

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尽管线粒体基因组(mtDNA)功能保守,但在真核生物中呈现出惊人的不同特征,如大小,重排和基因间区域的数量。非适应性过程,如随机遗传漂变和突变率在塑造mtDNA中起着重要作用:线粒体瓶颈和生殖系复制的数量是关键因素,而不同的生殖系分化模式可能是真核生物中观察到的mtDNA多样性的原因。在后生动物中,双壳类软体动物mtDNA具有高度变异的基因排列、高突变率、大量的基因间隔区,以及在某些物种中独特的双单亲遗传(DUI)等特征。DUI系统提供了研究mtDNA进化动力学的可能性,尽管在同一个生物体中,经历了不同的遗传漂变和选择压力。我们使用DUI种菲律宾蛤仔研究基因间mtDNA的功能,线粒体转录和多态性的性腺。我们观察到:1)线粒体DNA中存在保守的功能元件和新的开放阅读框(ORF),这些元件和ORF可以解释基因间区的进化持久性,并可能参与DUI的特异性特征:2)线粒体DNA的转录具有谱系特异性,不依赖于核背景; 3)男性传播和女性传播的mtDNA具有相似数量的多态性,但种类不同,由于种群大小和选择效率的不同。我们的研究结果是一致的假设,线粒体DNA的进化是强烈依赖于动态的生殖系形成,以及建立一个男性传播的线粒体DNA谱系可以增加男性健身通过选择精子功能。
Despite its functional conservation, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) presents strikingly different features among eukaryotes, such as size, rearrangements, and amount of intergenic regions. Nonadaptive processes such as random genetic drift and mutation rate play a fundamental role in shaping mtDNA: the mitochondrial bottleneck and the number of germ line replications are critical factors, and different patterns of germ line differentiation could be responsible for the mtDNA diversity observed in eukaryotes. Among metazoan, bivalve mollusc mtDNAs show unusual features, like hypervariable gene arrangements, high mutation rates, large amount of intergenic regions, and, in some species, an unique inheritance system, the doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI). The DUI system offers the possibility to study the evolutionary dynamics of mtDNAs that, despite being in the same organism, experience different genetic drift and selective pressures. We used the DUI species Ruditapes philippinarum to study intergenic mtDNA functions, mitochondrial transcription, and polymorphism in gonads. We observed: 1) the presence of conserved functional elements and novel open reading frames (ORFs) that could explain the evolutionary persistence of intergenic regions and may be involved in DUI-specific features; 2) that mtDNA transcription is lineage-specific and independent from the nuclear background; and 3) that male-transmitted and female-transmitted mtDNAs have a similar amount of polymorphism but of different kinds, due to different population size and selection efficiency. Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that mtDNA evolution is strongly dependent on the dynamics of germ line formation, and that the establishment of a male-transmitted mtDNA lineage can increase male fitness through selection on sperm function.
在昆虫和线虫的线粒体控制区域中,异常长的腔素很长。
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