ClCRY2 facilitates floral transition in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium by affecting the transcription of circadian clock-related genes under short-day photoperiods.
ClCRY2 facilitates floral transition in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium by affecting the transcription of circadian clock-related genes under short-day photoperiods.
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ClCRY2通过影响短日光周期下生物钟相关基因的转录来促进菊花花的转变
DOI：
10.1038/s41438-018-0063-9
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Dai SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang LW;Wen XH;Fu JX;Dai SL
植物感应光周期信号以确定最佳的开花时间。先前的研究表明，隐色蛋白2(Cryptochrome2，CRY2)在长日照植物(LDP)拟南芥中具有促进花过渡的功能；然而，CRY2调节短日照植物(SDP)花过渡的功能和分子机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们从典型的SDP菊花中克隆了一个CRY2同源基因ClCRY2。SD条件下大叶锦鸡儿顶端的形态变化和ClFTs的表达分析表明，在8个SD条件下，大叶锦鸡儿成虫完成了从营养生长到生殖生长的发育转变。同时，在SD处理的0~8d，ClCRY2基因的表达呈上升趋势。ClCRY2在野生型(WT)拟南芥和华南芥中的过表达导致提前开花。在SD条件下，Constans-like(Col)基因ClCOL1、ClCOL4和ClCOL5以及开花基因T(FT)同源基因ClFT1在ClCRY2过度表达(ClCRY2-OE)兰花杜兰中的转录水平上调。在SD条件下，一些生物钟相关基因，包括伪反应调节因子5(PRR5)、ZEITLUPE(ZTL)、黄素结合的Kelch重复F盒1(FKF1)和巨型茶树(GI-1和GI-2)的转录水平在ClCRY2-OE拉维兰中上调，而其他生物钟相关基因，如早花3(ELF3)、ELF4、晚伸长下胚轴(LHY)、PRR73和REVEILLE8(RVE8)在SD条件下表达下调。综上所述，这些结果表明，在SD条件下，ClCRY2通过微调昼夜节律相关基因ClCOLS和ClFT1的表达来促进花的转换。研究人员已经确定了控制菊花开花时间的基因。对于大多数植物来说，一天的长度表明是开花的时候了。温室种植者可以通过控制日照长度来生产反季节的花卉，但这一过程成本高昂。培育反应更快的品种可以降低成本，但需要更好地了解潜在的遗传学，特别是在短日照引发的植物子集中。北京林业大学的戴思兰和同事中国研究了是哪些基因触发了菊花的开花，宽叶菊是一种典型的短日照植物。他们发现，菊花的开花是由一种以前在长日照植物中发现的基因控制的，而且放大该基因会产生比普通植物更早开花的植物。这些发现可能有助于培育容易诱导开花的品种。
Plants sense photoperiod signals to confirm the optimal flowering time. Previous studies have shown that Cryptochrome2 (CRY2) functions to promote floral transition in the long-day plant (LDP) Arabidopsis; however, the function and molecular mechanism by which CRY2 regulates floral transition in short-day plants (SDPs) is still unclear. In this study, we identified a CRY2 homologous gene, ClCRY2, from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, a typical SDP. The morphological changes in the C. lavandulifolium shoot apex and ClFTs expression analysis under SD conditions showed that adult C. lavandulifolium completed the developmental transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth after eight SDs. Meanwhile, ClCRY2 mRNA exhibited an increasing trend from 0 to 8 d of SD treatment. ClCRY2 overexpression in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis and C. lavandulifolium resulted in early flowering. The transcript levels of the CONSTANS-like (COL) genes ClCOL1, ClCOL4, and ClCOL5, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologous gene ClFT1 were upregulated in ClCRY2 overexpression (ClCRY2-OE) C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions. The transcript levels of some circadian clock-related genes, including PSEUDO-REPONSE REGULATOR 5 (PRR5), ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX 1 (FKF1), and GIGANTEA (GI-1 and GI-2), were upregulated in ClCRY2-OE C. lavandulifolium, while the expression levels of other circadian clock-related genes, such as EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), ELF4, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), PRR73, and REVEILLE8 (RVE8), were downregulated in ClCRY2-OE C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that ClCRY2 promotes floral transition by fine-tuning the expression of circadian clock-related gene, ClCOLs and ClFT1 in C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions. Researchers have identified the genes that control the timing of flowering in chrysanthemums. For most plants, day-length indicates that it is time to flower. Greenhouse growers can produce out-of-season flowers by manipulating day length, but the process is expensive. Breeding varieties that respond more quickly could reduce costs, but requires a better understanding of the underlying genetics, especially in the subset of plants triggered by short days. Si-lan Dai and co-workers at Beijing Forestry University in China investigated which genes trigger flowering in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, a typical short-day plant. They found that flowering of chrysanthemum is controlled by a gene previously identified in long-day plants, and that amplifying the gene produced plants that flowered much sooner than ordinary plants. These findings may help in breeding varieties that are easily induced to bloom.
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