Unraveling the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Children.
Unraveling the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Children.
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揭示肺炎球菌结合疫苗对儿童细菌性结膜炎的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciaa202
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
deStMaurice,Annabelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard,LeighM;deStMaurice,Annabelle
急性感染性结膜炎的特征是覆盖巩膜或眼睑内侧的薄膜发炎，是一种常见疾病，估计约占美国所有初级保健诊所就诊的1%[1]。通常，急性感染性结膜炎的症状是自限性的，无需靶向治疗即可消退;然而，在罕见和严重的病例中，存在进展为威胁视力的疾病的可能性，包括微生物性角膜炎、角膜穿孔和眼内炎[2]。细菌和呼吸道病毒都是急性传染性结膜炎的主要微生物病因。在约50-60%的儿童急性结膜炎病例中，通过结膜分泌物培养可检出细菌[3-5]。在儿科急性结膜炎的研究中，流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌（肺炎球菌）是最常见的细菌，分别占病例的29-42%和13-30%[3-5]。其他呼吸道细菌植物群，如卡他莫拉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，以及病毒病原体，如腺病毒，也在结膜炎中发挥重要作用[3，6]。估计特定呼吸道病毒或细菌的相对病原学贡献具有挑战性，因为可能无法从急性结膜炎患者中常规采集结膜分泌物标本，特别是在门诊环境中的轻度至中度病例中，因为可能无法及时获得结果以告知患者管理方法。结膜分泌物的诊断评价通常仅限于培养，因为经验证可用于结膜液的新的快速分子诊断测试在门诊环境中可能不容易获得。肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）对疾病模式的影响。这些疫苗的广泛应用与侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病、肺炎和急性中耳炎（OM）的大幅减少有关[7-12]。结膜炎是否也是如此还不清楚，因为在广泛应用H。缺乏B型流感疫苗和PCV。在本期《临床传染病》中，Dagan及其同事[13]旨在测量PCV 7和PCV 13的影响
Acute infectious conjunctivitis, characterized by inflammation of the thin membrane covering the sclera or lining the inside of the eyelids, is a common condition, estimated to account for approximately 1% of all primary care office visits in the United States [1]. Typically, the symptoms of acute infectious conjunctivitis are self-limited and resolve without targeted therapy; however, in rare and severe cases, the potential exists to progress to vision-threatening illness, including microbial keratitis, corneal perforation, and endophthalmitis [2]. Both bacteria and respiratory viruses contribute substantially as microbial etiologies of acute infectious conjunctivitis. Bacteria are detected by culture of conjunctival discharge in approximately 50–60% of cases of acute conjunctivitis in children [3–5]. In studies of pediatric acute conjunctivitis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) were the most common bacteria detected, in 29–42% and 13–30% of cases, respectively [3–5]. Other respiratory bacterial flora, such as Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus, and viral pathogens, such as adenovirus, also play an important role in conjunctivitis [3, 6]. Estimating the relative etiologic contributions of specific respiratory viruses or bacteria is challenging because conjunctival discharge specimens may not be routinely collected from patients with acute conjunctivitis, particularly in mild to moderate cases in ambulatory settings, as results may not be available in time to inform the approach to patient management. Diagnostic evaluations of conjunctival discharge have often been limited to culture, as newer rapid molecular diagnostic tests validated for use in conjunctival fluid may not be readily available in ambulatory settings.Ocular manifestations of pneumococcal infections, such as conjunctivitis and orbital cellulitis, are often overlooked when considering the disease burden associated with S. pneumoniae and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on disease patterns. Widespread implementation of these vaccines has been associated with major reductions in invasive pneumococcal diseases, pneumonia, and acute otitis media (OM)[7–12]. Whether the same can be said for conjunctivitis is unknown, as more recent epidemiological assessments of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis following widespread implementation of both H. influenzae type b vaccines and PCVs are lacking. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Dagan and colleagues [13] aim to measure the impact of PCV7 and PCV13
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利多卡因对从真皮病变中分离出的细菌的抗菌特性。
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Miller;W. Shelley
通讯作者：
W. Shelley
从七名莱姆病患者的血液中分离出伯氏疏螺旋体。
DOI：
10.1016/0002-9343(90)90122-t
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
The American journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nadelman,RB;Pavia,CS;Magnarelli,LA;Wormser,GP
通讯作者：
Wormser,GP
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
SCHMIDT, RM;ROSENKRANZ, HS
通讯作者：
ROSENKRANZ, HS
通过细针抽吸确定细菌性蜂窝织炎的病因。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Axel F. Sigurdsson;S. Gudmundsson
通讯作者：
S. Gudmundsson
针吸活检在成人蜂窝织炎细菌学诊断中的价值
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Pauline M. Newell;C. Norden
通讯作者：
C. Norden